THE P1LEATED WOODPECKER. 
231 
species that has occurred to me. So much attached is this Woodpecker to 
the tree in which it has a hole, that during winter it is often seen with its 
head out, as if looking to the weather, the unfavourable state of which 
induces it to sink out of sight, and probably compose itself to rest. It may 
be found in the same neighbourhood during the whole year, and, like many 
others of this family, it usually spends the night in the same hole. 
Pileated Woodpecker, Picus pileatus, Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. iv. p. 27. 
Pious pileatus, Bonap. Syn., p. 44. 
Picus (Dryotomus) pileatus, Pileated Woodpecker, Swains, and Rich. F. Bor. 
Amer., vol. ii. p. 304. 
Pileated Woodpecker, or Log-cock, Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 567. 
Pileated Woodpecker, Picus pileatus, Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. ii. p. 74; vol. v. p. 533. 
Male, 18, 28. 
From Texas to the Columbia river, and along the Atlantic coast, as well 
as in the interior, to the Fur Countries. More abundant in the south. 
Resident every where. 
Adult Male. 
Bill long, straight, strong, polyhedral, tapering, compressed, and slightly 
truncated by being worn at the tip ; mandibles of equal length, both nearly 
straight in their dorsal outline ; their sides convex. Tongue worm-shaped, 
capable of reaching four inches beyond the bill, horny near the tip for about 
one-eighth of an inch, and barbed. Nostrils, basal, oval, partly covered by 
recumbent bristly feathers. Head large. Neck rather long, slender. Body 
robust. Feet rather short, robust ; tarsus strong, scutellate before, scaly 
on the sides ; two toes before and two behind, the inner hind toe shortest ; 
claws strong, arched, very acute. 
Plumage compact, glossy. Feathers of the head elongated, loose, and 
erectile. Wings large, the third and fourth quills longest. Tail long, 
cuneate, of twelve tapering stiff feathers, worn to a point by being rubbed 
against the bark of trees. 
Bill and feet deep blue. Iris yellow. The general colour of the plumage 
is deep black, glossed with purplish-blue. The whole upper part of the 
head of a shining deep carmine ; a broad band of black runs backwards from 
the eye, and is continued, narrow, to the forehead ; between this band and 
the bright red of the upper part of the head is a narrow line of white ; at 
the base of the bill commences, at first yellowish, a band of white, which 
crosses the cheek, expands on the side of the neck, where it is joined by the 
white of the throat, and terminates under the wing ; there is also a broad 
band of red from the base of the lower mandible. Under wing-coverts 
white, as are the proximal portions of the quill. 
