244 
HAIRY WOODPECKER. 
with small roundish spots, of which there are five on the outer, and four on 
the inner web of the four longest quills, while on the outer there is only an 
elongated spot on the inner web, and on the next one spot on the outer and 
three on the inner. The four middle tail-feathers are black, the next also 
black, with a small part of the inner web, and a large portion of the outer, 
toward the end, white ; the rest white, with the base black ; the outermost 
small feather almost entirely white. The lower parts are brownish-white. 
Length to end of tail 9 inches ; bill along the ridge 1J, along the edge of 
lower mandible 1^ ; wing from flexure 5 X % ; tail 3£, tarsus If ; hind toe 
r 3 2 , its claw t 3 2 ; second toe T %, its claw T B 2 ; third toe Wits claw x \ ; fourth 
toe t 8 ¥ , its claw T 7 2 . 
Adult Female. 
The female resembles the male, but wants the red occipital band. 
HAIRY WOODPECKER. 
Picus villosus, Linn. 
PLATE CCLXII. — Male and Female. 
This species of Woodpecker has been confounded with Picus canadensis , 
to which it bears a great resemblance in its markings, but from which it is 
distinguished by its smaller size, and other differences. Wilson, it appears, 
did not believe in the existence of the Canada Woodpecker, Picus cana- 
densis ; yet his figure of the Hairy Woodpecker seems to me to be a repre- 
sentation of that species, while his description belongs in part to both. 
These errors have been adopted by all his followers to the present day, 
although the specific distinctions between Picus villosus and P. canadensis 
have been clearly recognised by my young friend Dr. Trudeau, who wrote 
to me from Paris that both species were in the national museum there, and 
were looked upon as the same bird. Mr. Swainson, who observed a 
difference between the birds of the present species received from New York 
and those of higher northern latitudes, has given an exact description and 
figure of the bill of P. canadensis, thinking that he was describing P. 
villosus of Linnieus. To this he was probably led by the erroneous account 
given of the extent of the distribution of this species northward. 
