LEWIS’ WOODPECKER. 
281 
they had started ; as they near the latter again, they spread their wings 
horizontally, and sail to their perch like some of the Hawks. Both sexes 
incubate.” 
Lewis’ Woodpecker, Picus torquatus, Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. iii.’p. 31. 
Picus torquatus, Bonap. Syn., p. 46. 
Lewis’ Woodpecker, Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 577. 
Lewis’ Woodpecker, Picus torquatus, Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. v. p. 176. 
Male, 11, wing, 7 T V 
Rocky Mountains and Columbia -iver. Abundant. Migratory. 
Adult Male. 
Bill about the length of the head, nearly straight, strong, compressed, 
tapering, pointed, very slightly truncate and wedged at the tip. Upper 
mandible with the dorsal line slightly arched, the ridge convex at the base, 
very narrow in the rest of its extent, the sides sloping and considerably 
convex, the lateral angle slight, and near the ridge, the edges sharp, direct, 
overlapping, the tip almost acuminate. Lower mandible with the angle 
rather short and wide, the crural outline concave, the dorsal ascending, 
straight, the ridge narrow, the sides convex, the edges sharp and inflected, 
the base faintly striated. Nostrils oblong, basal, nearer the ridge, con- 
cealed by the feathers. 
Head of moderate size, ovate ; neck rather short ; body full. Feet very 
hort; tarsus very short, feathered anteriorly more than one-third down, in 
he rest of its extent covered with a few large scutella, compressed, sharp- 
'dged and internally with small scutella behind ; toes four, first toe small, 
fourth rather longer than the third, second and third united at the base ; 
all scutellate above ; claws large, much curved, compressed, laterally 
grooved, very acute. 
Plumage full, soft, blended, glossy above, rude beneath. A tuft of 
reversed stiff feathers on each side at the base of the upper mandible; the 
feathers in the angle of the lower mandible also stiff. Wings long, the first 
quill very small, being only an inch and a half in length ; the second ten- 
twelfths shorter than the third, which is a twelfth and a half shorter than 
the fourth ; the fifth longest, being a twelfth and a half longer than the 
fourth ; secondaries broadly rounded. Tail of moderate length, very strong, 
of ten feathers, all of which are pointed and slit, the shaft terminating 
abruptly, the lateral feathers ten and a half twelfths shorter than the middle. 
Bill dusky, bluish-grey toward the base. Feet bluish-grey. The general 
colour of the upper parts is black, highly glossed with green; a band across 
the forehead, the throat, and a broad patch on the side of the head, surround- 
ing the eye, deep carmine or blood-red ; beyond this the throat and part of 
Vol. IV. 39 
