288 
THE GOLDEN- WINGED WOODPECKER. 
Length 124 inches, extent of wings 16; bill along the ridge 1», along the 
gap If; tarsus l£, middle toe 11. 
Adult Female. 
The female differs chiefly in wanting the black streaks on the throat, in 
having the lunulated spot on the breast smaller, and in being somewhat 
duller in the tints of the plumage generally. 
Dimensions nearly the same. 
An adult male preserved in spirits has the interior of the mouth as in the 
other species, its width 51 twelfths ; the posterior aperture of the nares 
oblongo-linear, 6 twelfths in length. The tongue is 1 inch 5 twelfths long, 
If twelfths in breadth at the base, gradually narrowed toward the end, with 
a small horny rather blunt tip, on which are two series of small reversed 
pointed papillae. The horns of the hyoid bone are recurved in the usual 
manner, and extend to the right nasal membrane, to which their sheath is 
attached. The other apparatus connected with the tongue is the same as in 
the Ivory-billed Woodpecker. The pyramidal or salivary glands are very 
large, extending half an inch beyond the articulation of the lower jaw. The 
oesophagus is 4 inches long, of moderate width. The proventriculus is very 
much enlarged, as in the other species, its greatest width being 8 twelfths. 
The stomach is a mitscular gizzard of moderate size, its right lateral muscle 
twice as large as the left, the tendons very large ; the epithelium strong, 
longitudinally rugous, and reddish-brown. In the stomach are grains of 
maize, seeds of grasses, and insects. The proventricular glands are very 
small, and form a belt 9 twelfths in breadth at the right side, but narrower 
toward the left. The intestine is 15 inches long, from 8 twelfths to 2i 
twelfths in width. There are no coeca. The cloaca is large and elliptical. 
The trachea is 2 inches 9 twelfths long, li twelfths in breadth, considei’- 
ably flattened, its rings, which are well ossified, 90 in number, with 2 addi- 
tional dimidiate rings. The muscles are as in the other species ; 
•but the glosso-laryngeal differ very considerably in their inser- 
tion, as is represented by the accompanying figures, in which 
. they are seen before and behind. They come down parallel 
to each other, as far as the commencement of the thyimid bone, 
then divei’ge, each of them passing toward its own side, winding 
behind the trachea, crossing it at the back part, reappearing in 
front at the opposite side, and crossing obliquely to the other 
side, thus forming a figure of eight, and finally inserted at its back part at 
the distance of 9 twelfths from the tip of the thyroid bone. The bronchi 
are of moderate length, narrow, of 15 half rings. 
There is a very curious gradation in the degree of elongation of the horns 
cf the hyoid bone in the different American Woodpeckers, some of which 
