THE COMMON AMERICAN PARTRIDGE. 
65 
Similar to the adult male in the general distribution of the colours ; but 
the white of the head and throat bright reddisli-jellow, the black of the 
fore-neck and sides of the head deep brown, the under parts less pure and 
more dusky, and the tail of a duller grey. 
Adult Female. 
The female resembles the young male, but is more decidedly coloured, 
the bill darker, the head of a more uniform and richer reddish-yellow, the 
sides of the neck spotted with yellow and black. 
Length 9h inches, extent of wings 14. 
Young Female. 
The young females are somewhat smaller and lighter in their tints than 
the young males. 
Yery Young Birds. 
Bjll brownish-yellow. Iris light hazel. The general colour of the upper 
parts light yellowish-brown, patched with grey ; sides of the head dusky. 
In a male preserved in spirits, the roof of the mouth is covered posteriorly 
with large flattened papillse, and has a very prominent median ridge ante- 
riorly ; its width is twelfths. The tongue is triangular, fleshy, emarginate 
and papillate at the base, with one of the papillae on each side very large. 
The oesophagus, Fig. 1, a e, which has at first a width of 4 twelfths, forms 
an ovate oblique crop, be, 1 inch 2 twelfths in its greatest length, and 9 
twelfths in breadth, which, together with the oesophagus, lies on the right 
side of the neck ; it then passes obliquely on the left side, forms a proven- 
triculus, d e, of an oblong form, 5 twelfths in width, with very large 
cylindrical glands arranged so as to form a belt \ inch in breadth. The 
stomach, efg, is a very large and strong gizzard, broader than long, and 
placed obliquely, its length 1 inch, its breadth inches ; the left muscle 31 
twelfths, the right 5 twelfths thick, the lower muscle very thin, but promi- 
fient ; the tendons very large ; the epithelium very dense and horny, longi- 
tudinally rugous ; the grinding surfaces concave. The proventricular glands 
are 3 twelfths in length, the upper inclining downwards, the lower perpen- 
dicular. The liver is rather small, the right lobe 1 inch 1 twelfth in length, 
the left divided into two lobes, of which the anterior is 10 twelfths, the 
posterior 1 inch in length. The intestine, g h /c, is of great length, and 
width, the former 26 inches, its average diameter being 23 twelfths. The 
duodenum, g h i , curves round the lower edge of the stomach, returns at the 
distance of 41 inches, ascends to the liver, which has two ducts, but is 
destitute of gall-bladder, then forms seven curves, and terminates in the 
rectum above the stomach. The coeca, Fig. 2, b c, come off at the distance 
of 2i inches, and are 4J- inches in length ; their width at the commencement 
3 twelfths their greatest width 42 twelfths, their extremity obtuse and con- 
