88 
THE SPOTTED OR CANADA GROUSE. 
Bill and claws brownish-black. Iris hazel. Fringed membrane over the 
eyes vermillion. Toes purplish-grey. Upper plumage and flanks brownish- 
black, transversely barred with brownish-grey, the tip of each feather with 
two bars of the latter colour ; on the hind parts the bars are larger, and 
tin? pale ones more tinged with brown. Quills and larger coverts blackish- 
brown, the outer edges of the primaries pale brownish-grey, and those of 
the secondaries minutely mottled with the same. Tail-coverts brownish- 
black, minutely mottled and tipped with greyish-white ; tail feathers darker 
and tipped with dull brownish-red. Lower parts black, the feathers on 
the throat having a white spot near the end, those of the lower and lateral 
parls of the neck unspotted, of the breast with a broad subterminal spot, 
and the under tail-coverts largely tipped with white. Inner wing-coverts 
clove-brown, the proximal and axillaries tipped with white. 
Length 15§ inches, extent of wings 21|- ; bill along the back T \, along 
the edge 1-fa ; tarsus ; weight 17 oz. 
Adult Female. 
The female is not much smaller. The superciliary membrane is much 
less, but of the same colour. The upper parts are nearly of the same tints, 
but more broadly barred ; the head, sides of the neck, fore neck, and ante- 
rior part of the breast yellowish-red, barred with brownish-black ; the 
lower parts greyish-black, barred with reddish-white. The tail is minutely 
mottled and tipped with brownish-red. The younger females have more 
of the yellowish-red tints than the old ones. In other respects the colour- 
ing is nearly similar. 
Length loi inches, extent of wings 21 ; weight 1503. 
In a male preserved in spirits, the mouth is of the moderate width of lOI- 
twelfths ; the palate flat, with two longitudinal ridges ; the posterior aperture 
of the nares 8 twelfths long, strongly papillate on the edges ; the tongue 
short, being only 7 ^ twelfths in length, triangular, a little concave above, 
emarginate at the base, with long pointed papillae, disposed in two series, the 
tip somewhat obtuse. The oesophagus is 62 inches in length ; its width from 
10 twelfths to 8 twelfths for the length of 3§ inches, where it opens into a 
globular sac 2 inches 9 twelfths in diameter, the space between the upper 
and lower aperture of which is only 9 twelfths. The stomach is a very large 
and powerful gizzard, of an irregular elliptical form, lh inches in length, 
2i inches in breadth ; the right muscle 9 twelfths, the left 11 twelfths in 
thickness ; the tendons large and radiated ; the epithelium tough, horny, with 
two nearly flat, smooth, grinding surfaces. The intestine is 3 feet 2 inches 
long, with a nearly uniform width of 3 twelfths. The coeca commence at 
the distance of 4 inches from the extremity, and are 161 inches long, their 
width 3^ twelfths, excepting for 3 inches at the commencement, where it is 
