242 
THE AMERICAN REDSTART. 
with 2 dimidiate ; its muscles as in the other species, but the inferior 
laryngeal proportionally a little larger ; bronchi of about 12 half rings. 
American Redstart, Muscicapa ruticilla, Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. i. p. 103. 
Muscicapa ruticilla, Bonap. Syn., p. 68. 
American Redstart, Muscicapa ruticilla , And. Amer. Orn., vol. i. p. 202 ; vol. 
v. p. 428. 
American Redstart, Muscicapa ruticilla, Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 291, 
Second and third quills equal and longest, fourth longer than first ; tail 
rounded. Male with the head, neck- all round, fore part of breast, and back, 
glossy bluish-black ; sides of the breast, lower wing-coverts, a patch on the 
wings formed by the margins of the primaries and the basal half of most of 
the secondaries, together with three-fourths of both webs of the outer four 
tail-feathers on each side, and the outer web of the next, bright orange-red ; 
abdomen and lower tail-coverts white. Female with the upper parts 
yellowish-brown ; the head grey ; the quills greyish-brown ; the tail darker ; 
the parts yellow which in the male are bright orange ; the rest of the lower 
parts white, tinged with yellow. Young similar to the female, more grey 
above, and with less yellow beneath. 
Male, 5, 6J. Female. 
Throughout the United States. Abundant. Migratory. 
The Virginian Hornbeam, or Iron-wood Tree. 
Ostrya virginica, Willd., Sp. PL, vol. iv. p. 469. Pursch, Flor. Amer., vol. ii. p. 
623. — Moncecia Polyandria, Linn . — Amentace^e, Juss. 
This species is distinguished by its ovato-oblong leaves, which are some- 
what cordate at the base, unequally serrated and acuminate, and its twin, 
ovate, acute cones. It is a small tree, attaining a height of from twenty to 
thirty feet, and a diameter of about one foot. The wood is wlqte, and close 
grained. The common name in America is iron-wood, which it receives on 
account of the great hardness of the wood. 
