AMERICAN ROBIN OR MIGRATORY THRUSH. 
21 
oesophagus is three inches long, funnel-shaped at the commencement, after- 
wards of the nearly uniform width of 3i twelfths, until it enters the thorax, 
when it contracts ; the proventriculus bulbiform, 5 twelfths in breadth. The 
stomach is of .moderate size, broadly elliptical, 9 twelfths in length, 71 
twelfths in breadth ; the epithelium light red, longitudinally rugous ; the 
muscles of moderate thickness. The intestine is of moderate length and 
great width, the former being 13 inches, the latter 4 twelfths. It passes 
downwards in front, at the distance of 1J inches, bends forward, inclosing the 
pancreas, opposite the right lobe of the liver receives the biliary ducts, then 
passes backwards to the right side until it reaches the hind part of the 
abdomen, forms two short convolutions, afterwards a larger one, and over the 
stomach terminates in the rectum. The coeca are 3 twelfths, long, 1 twelfth 
in width ; their distance from the extremity 1 inch. The cloaca is an oblong 
sac, of which the width is \ an inch. 
The trachea is 2 inches 2 twelfths long, a little flattened, firm, the rings 
about 78, with two terminal half rings. The bronchi are short, of about 12 
half rings. The muscles are as described in the Mocking-bird. 
Robin, Turdus migratorius, Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. i. p. 35. 
Turdus migratorius, Bonap. Syn., p. 75. 
Merula migratoria, Red-breasted Thrush , Swains, and Rich. F. Bor. Amer., vol. 
ii. p. 176. 
American Robin or Migratory Thrush,. Turdus migratorius. Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 
338. 
American Robin or Migratory Thrush, Turdus migratorius , Aud. Orn. Biog., 
vol. ii. p. 190 ; vol. v. p. 442. 
Male with the bill yellow, the upper part and sides of the head black ; 
upper parts dark grey, with an olivaceous tinge ; quills blackish-brown, 
margined with light grey ; tail brownish-black, the outer two feathers tipped 
with white ; three white spots about the eye, throat white, densely streaked 
with black ; lower part of fore neck, breast, sides, axillars, and lower wing- 
coverts reddish-orange ; abdomen white ; lower tail-coverts dusky, tipped 
with white. Female with the tints paler. Young with the fore neck, breast, 
and sides pale reddish, spotted with dusky, the upper parts darker than in 
the adult. Bill at first dusky, ultimately pure yellow. 
Male, 10, 14. Female, 9, 13. 
Vol. III. 
4 
