42 
AMERICAN PIPIT OR TITLARK. 
often rises on wing to the height of eight or ten yards, and emits a few clear 
and mellow notes, but returns to its consort or alights on the rock with a 
suddenness in keeping with the short duration of its song, which is rarely 
heard after the eggs are hatched. These birds leave Labrador and New- 
foundland as soon as their young are able to fly, which is usually the case 
about the middle of August. On the 6th of July, 1833, in Labrador, I 
heard this bird singing both on wing and on the ground. When on wing, 
it sings while flying very irregularly in zigzags up and down ; when on the 
rocks, it stands erect, and I think produces a louder and clearer song. 
When returning northward in spring, their movements correspond w r ith 
the advancement of the season, and we found them to increase in number 
as we proceeded, and to settle in all the favourable places. In the vicinity 
of Charleston, as well as in that of New Orleans, where this species is 
very abundant during winter, it is frequently seen seeking for food among 
the castings of filth of all sorts, in company with the Turkey Buzzards and 
Carrion Crows, and when disturbed, wfill alight on the roof of the nearest 
building, on stakes or fences, as well as walls, and occasionally on the 
branches of trees. 
Brown Lark, Alauda rufa , Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. v. p. 89. 
Anthus Spinoletta, Bonap. Syn., p. 90. 
Brown Titlark, Aud. Orn. Biog\, vol. i. p. 49. Adult. 
Prairie Titlark, Anthus pipiens , Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. i. p. 408, Young. Brown 
Titlark and Prairie Titlark, vol. v. p. 449. 
Hind claw longer than the toe, slightly arched, and very slender. Male, 
in winter plumage, with the bill dusky, the legs and claws deep greenish- 
brown ; upper parts grevish-olive, tinged with green, and obscurely streaked 
with dusky ; a whitish band over the eye, cheeks brown ; lower parts 
brownish-white, the throat white, the sides and lower part of the neck, fore 
part of breast, and sides of body marked with elongated, distinct, blackish- 
brown spots ; quills and tail-feathers dusky, margined with greenish-grey, 
the lateral tail-feathers half w T hite, the next obliquely white at the end. 
F emale similar. Male in summer w r ith the bill black, the upper parts olive- 
brown, tinged with grey ; a greyish-white line over the eye, cheeks greyish- 
brown ; lower parts light yellowish-grey, the fore neck and breast often 
deeply tinged with red, and marked with short, slender, brownish-black 
spots, the sides streaked ; quills and tail-feathers as in winter with the pale 
margins less distinct. Young more tinged with green above, the bill paler, 
with a great part of the lower mandible yellowish-red, the lower parts pale 
veilowish-grey, with an obscure lunule of brownish-black on the fore neck, 
