LAPLAND LARK-BUNTING. 
51 
and it seems surprising that none were observed near the Columbia river 
by Mr. Townsend. 
The best account of this species, as observed in the northern latitudes of 
America where it breeds, is that given by Dr. Richardson, in the Fauna 
Boreali- Americana. After stating that it is common in the northern regions 
of both continents, he says : — “ I never met with this species in the interior 
of the Fur Countries during winter, and I suspect that its principal retreats 
in that season are on the borders of Lakes Huron and Superior, and in 
the country extending to the westward on the same parallel. In the year 
1827, it appeared on the plains at Carlton House, about the middle of May, 
in very large flocks, among which were many Shore Larks ( Alauda 
alpestris ) and a few individuals of Emberiza picta. During their stay of 
ten or twelve days, they frequented open spots, where recent fires had 
destroyed the grass. They came to Cumberland House a few days later in 
the same season, and there kept constantly in the furrows of a newly 
ploughed field. In the preceding year they were seen, though in smaller 
flocks, in the vicinity of Fort Franklin (lat. 65£°) in the beginning of May; 
and the crops of those that were then killed were filled with the seeds of 
the Arbutus alpinus. They breed in the moist meadows on the shores of 
the Arctic sea. The nest, placed on a small hillock, among moss and stones, 
is composed externally of the dry stems of grass, interwoven to a consider- 
able thickness, and lined very neatly and compactly with deer’s hair. The 
eggs, usually seven, are pale ochre-yellow, spotted with brown. 
The figure of the male in summer plumage represented in my plate, was 
drawn from a beautiful specimen in the collection of my esteemed friend 
Captain James Clark Ross of the British Navy. 
Lapland Longspur, Emberiza lapponica, Bonap. Amer. Orn., vol. i. p. 53. 
Emberiza lapponica, Bonap. Syn., p. 440. 
Emberiza (Plectrophanes) lapponica, Lapland Bunting , Swains. & Rich.. F. 
Bor. Amer., vol. ii. p. 248. 
Lapland Longspur, Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 463. 
Lapland Longspur, Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. iv. p. 473. 
Male, in summer, with the head and fore part of the neck black; a white 
band over the eye, passing along the neck, and margining the black ; a 
brownish-red crescent on the hind neck ; the feathers on the rest of the 
upper parts black, broadly margined with yellowish-red; first row of small 
coverts tipped with white; lower parts white, the sides streaked with black. 
Male, in winter, with the upper part of the head black, the feathers edged 
with brownish-red, cheeks and band over the eye greyish-yellow ; feathers 
of the fore neck black, broadly tipped with white; dark streaks on the sides 
