74 
YELLOW-WINGED BUNTING. 
their way from their unknown winter abode northward, pass toward the 
middle and eastern districts of our Atlantic coast, while others diverge to 
reach the Oregon section, in which this bird has been found by Mr. Town- 
send, passing over our Southern States without being observed, although, 
when proceeding toward the Texas in April 1837, I found them abundant 
on their way eastward. 
In a male preserved in spirits, the palate is ascending, and its ridges form 
a soft prominence at their junction anteriorly ; on the fore part are three 
narrow ridges, forming a large oblong hard knob at their base. The tongue 
is 4£ twelfths long, deeper than broad, grooved above toward the end, which 
is horny and pointed. The width of the mouth is 3J twelfths. (Esophagus 
1 inch 8 twelfths in length, its greatest width 3^ twelfths, it being consider- 
ably dilated on the neck. Stomach rather small, elliptical, oblique, 6 
twelfths in length, 5 twelfths in breadth, muscular, and of the usual struc- 
ture. It contains insects, seeds, and quartz. Intestine 5 inches long, from 
li twelfths to 1 twelfth wide; coeca 11 twelfths long, twelfth broad, 7 
twelfths distant from the extremity. 
Trachea 1 inch 2 twelfths long, from nearly 1 twelfth to i twelfth wide, 
its rings 55 ; inferior laryngeal muscles very large. Bronchi very slender, 
of about 12 rings. 
Scarcely any difference is perceptible in the plumage of the sexes, and 
by the time the young return to us the following spring, they have obtained 
the full plumage of their parents. 
Passes from Texas to Connecticut ; breeds from Maryland to Connecti- 
cut. Columbia river. Rather common. Migratory. 
Yellow-winged Sparrow, Fringilla passer ina, Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. iii. p. 76. 
Fringilla passerina, Bonap. Syn., p. 109. 
Savannah Finch or Yellow-shouldered Bunting, Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 494. 
Yellow-crowned Sparrow, Fringilla passerina, Aud. Orn. Biog\, vol. ii. p. 180; 
vol. v. p. 497. 
Bill short, conical, acute ; upper mandible slightly convex in its dorsal 
outline, angular, and encroaching a little on the forehead, of the same 
breadth as the lower, with sharp and inflected edges ; lower mandible also 
inflected on the edges; gap-line slightly deflected at the base. Nostrils 
basal, roundish, open, concealed by the feathers. Head rather large, neck 
short, body full. Feet of moderate length, slender ; tarsus covered ante- 
riorly with a few longish scutella, acute behind ; toes free, scutellate above, 
the lateral ones nearly equal ; claws slender, compressed, acute, slightly 
arched, that of the hind toe elongated. 
Plumage soft and blended, slightly glossed. Wings shortish, curved, 
