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PINE LINNET 
resembles the European Larch ( Pinus Larix) in appearance, and in the 
quality of its wood. The leaves are deciduous and fasciculate, the cones 
small, oblong, their scales rounded with inflected margins. It is usually 
known by the names of tamarack or hackmatack. 
Genus VIII.— CARDUELIS, Cuv. GOLDFINCH. 
Bill short, or of moderate length, conical, very stout at the base, com- 
pressed toward the end, and tapering to a fm.e point; upper mandible a little 
broader, with the nasal sinus very broad, the dorsal outline very slightly 
convex, the ridge narrowed toward the end, the sides convex, the edges a 
little inflected and overlapping, the edges slightly ascending at the base, 
the notches obsolete, the tip very acute ; lower mandible with the angle 
short and rounded, the dorsal line straight, the sides convex, the tip very 
acute. Nostrils basal, roundish, concealed by the feathers. Head round- 
ish-ovate ; neck short ;• body rather full. Legs rather short ; tarsus short, 
compressed, slender, with seven scutella; toes moderate, the first large, the 
lateral nearly equal. Claws long, compressed, moderately curved, very 
acute. Plumage very soft and blended. Wings rather long, pointed, the 
first, second, and third quills about equal and longest. Tail rather short, 
deeply emarginate. Roof of upper mandible deeply concave ; tongue 
grooved above, pointed ; oesophagus dilated about the middle ; stomach 
small, broadly elliptical, moderately muscular ; intestine short ; coeca very 
small. 
