THE TOWHE GROUND-FINCII. 
169 
white, excepting at the base, and a longitudinal streak towards the tip, on 
the outer web ; the next two white on the inner web, towards the end. 
Breast white, abdomen pale red ; sides and lateral parts of the breast brown- 
ish-red. 
Length 85 inches, extent of wings 12 ; beak along the ridge h. along the 
gap § ; tarsus I 3 , middle toe 1 , hind toe f . 
Adult Female. 
The female is scarcely smaller, and differs from the male in having the 
parts which in him are of a deep black, reddish-brown, excepting the bill, 
which is almost entirely light blue, the ridge of the upper mandible only 
being dark brown. 
Length 84 inches. 
In the adult bird the iris is bright red, but in the young it is frequently 
brown, and sometimes yellowish-white. In some instances, one eye is brown 
and the other red. 
In an adult male preserved in spirits, the palate is ascending and deeply 
concave ; its two longitudinal ridges uniting in front, where there is a con- 
siderable soft prominence ; the upper mandible beneath flat, with a median 
ridge and two lateral, broad and flattened ridges. The width of the mouth 
is 51 twelfths. Posterior aperture of the nares linear, and strongly papillate, 
as in all the species. Tongue 5J twelfths long, fleshy above, toward the end 
horny, convex, and with a median groove. (Esophagus 2 inches 4 twelfths 
long, its greatest width 8 twelfths. Stomach a strong muscular gizzard, 6 
twelfths long, IO 2 twelfths broad ; the epithelium dense and longitudinally 
rugous. Contents of stomach, seeds and husks of barley. Intestine 94 inches 
long, 2 twelfths in width ; the ccecal^ twelfths long, 14 twelfths in breadth, 
14 inches from the extremity ; rectum very slightly dilated. 
Trachea 1 inch 74 twelfths long, 1 twelfth in breadth ; its rings 75, 
besides 2 dimidiate rings. Bronchi very slender, of 15 half rings. The 
muscles as in all the other species. 
The Blackberry. 
Rubus villosus, Willd., Sp. PI., vol. ii. p. 1085. Pursch, FI. Amer., vol. i. p. 34G.— 
ICOSANDRIA PoLYGYNIA, Linn. RoSACE^E, JuSS. 
Pubescent, prickly, with angular twigs ; the leaves ternate or quinate, with 
ovato-oblong, serrate, acuminate leaflets, downy on both sides; the calycine 
leaves short, acuminate ; and a loose raceme of white flowers. The berry is 
black. This species grows abundantly in old fields and by fences, 
Vol. Ill, 29 
