PINE GROSBEAK. 
183 
proportionally stout, the third much longer than the two lateral, which are 
about equal ; their scutella large, their lower surface with large pads covered 
with prominent papillae. Claws rather long, arched, much compressed, 
laterally grooved and acute. 
Plumage soft, full, rather blended, the feathers oblong. At the base of 
the upper mandible are strong, bristly feathers, directed forwards. The wings 
of moderate length ; the primaries rounded, the second and third longest, 
and with the fourth and fifth having their outer webs slightly cut out. Tail 
rather long, emarginate, of twelve strong, broad, obliquely rounded feathers. 
Bill reddish-brown. Iris hazel. Feet blackish-brown, claws black. The 
general colour of the plumage is bright carmine, tinged with vermilion ; the 
feathers of the fore part of the back and the scapulars greyish-brown in the 
centre ; the bristly feathers at the base of the bill blackish-brown ; the middle 
of the breast, abdomen, and lower tail-coverts, light grey, the latter with a 
central dusky streak. Wings blackish-brown ; the primaries and their 
coverts narrowly edged with reddish-white, the secondaries more broadly 
with white ; the secondary coverts and first row of small coverts tipped with 
reddish white, the smaller coverts edged with red. 
Length to end of tail 83 inches, to end of wings 6 - 4 , to end of claws 61 ; 
extent of wings 14 ; wing from flexure 41; tail 4 ; bill along the ridge 
along the edge of lower mandible T \; tarsus f*-; first toe f|, its claw T \; 
middle toe T V, its claw r %. 
Female. 
The female is scarcely inferior to the male in size. The bill is dusky, the 
feet as in the male. The upper part of the head and hind neck are yellow- 
ish-brown, each feather with a central dusky streak ; the rump brownish- 
yellow; the rest of the upper parts light brownish-grey. Wings and tail as 
in the male, the white edgings and the tips tinged with grey; the cheeks and 
throat greyish-white or yellowish ; the fore part and sides of the neck, the 
breast, sides, and abdomen ash-grey, as are the lower tail-coverts. 
Length to end of tail 8 ^ inches, to end of wings 64, to end of claws 6 |; 
extent of wings 133; wing from flexure 44 ; tail 3 f|; tarsus middle toe 
and claw 1 ^. 
Young fully fledged. 
The young, when in full plumage, resemble the female, but are more 
tinged with brown. 
An adult male from Boston examined. The roof of the mouth is mode- 
rately concave, its anterior horny part with five prominent ridges ; the lower 
mandible deeply concave. Tongue 4§ twelfths long, firm, deflected at the 
middle, deeper than broad, papillate at the base, with a median groove ; for 
the distal of half its length, it is cased with a firm horny substance, and is 
