190 
WHITE-WEST GED CROSSBILL. 
The young female resembles the old one, but has less yellow on the rump 
and under parts. 
I have carefully compared skins of the American bird with others of that 
found in Scotland, but have not succeeded in detecting any differences 
sufficient to indicate a specific distinction. 
The Hemlock Spruce. 
Pinus canadensis, Mich., Arbor. Forest., vol. i. p. 137, pi. 13. Pursch, FI. Amei, 
Sept., vol. ii. p. G40. — Moncecia Monadelphia, Linn. — Conifers, Juss. 
The hemlock or Canadian spruce is characterized by its solitary, flat, 
somewhat distichous leaves, and very small ovate terminal cones. It is one 
of the most majestic and beautiful trees of the forests of the Middle States, 
where it grows abundantly in certain parts, such as the Great Pine Forest, 
the Pocano Mountains,' &e., extending from Carolina to the extremity of 
Maine. The wood is not considered equal to that of the true pines, and 
unless kept dry very soon decays, but the bark is excellent for tanning. 
The height sometimes reaches a hundred feet, and the diameter near the 
base is often six feet or more. 
WHITE-WINGED CBOSSBILL. 
Loxia Leucoptera, Gmel. 
PLATE OCI. — Male, Female, and Young. 
I found this species quite common on the islands near the entrance of the 
Bay of Fundy, which I visited early in May, 1833. They were then jour- 
neying northwards, although many pass the whole year in the northern parts 
of the State of Maine, and the British provinces of New Brunswick and 
Nova Scotia, where, however, they seem to have been overlooked, or con- 
founded with our Common American Crossbill. Those which I met with 
on the islands mentioned above were observed on their margins, some 
having alighted on the bare rocks, and all those which w r ere alarmed 
