202 
THE CARDINAL GROSBEAK. 
free, the lateral ones nearly equal ; claws slender, arched, compressed, 
acute, that of the hind toe considerably larger. 
Plumage soft and blended, slightly glossed. Wings of moderate length, 
broad, much rounded, the fourth quill longest ; primaries rather broad, 
rounded, from the second to the sixth slightly cut out on the outer web, 
secondaries rather narrow and rounded. Tail long, straight, rounded. 
Feathers of the crown long, pointed, and erectile. 
Bill of a tint approaching to coral-red. Iris dark hazel. Feet pale umber. 
The whole upper parts of a deep dusky-red, excepting the head, which is 
vermilion. The anterior part of the forehead, the lores, and the upper 
anterior part of the neck, black. The under parts are vermilion, which is 
brightest anteriorly. Inner webs of the quills light brown, their shafts 
and those of the tail-feathers blackish-brown. 
Length 81 inches, extent of wings 11 J ; bill along the back T 7 2 , along .the 
edge ! ; tarsus 
Adult Female. 
The female has a crest as well as the male, which it resembles in the 
texture of its plumage, but the tail is proportionally shorter. The general 
colour of the upper parts is dull greyish-brown, slightly tinged with olive; 
the longer crest-feathers are streaked with dull red, the wings, coverts, and 
outer edges of the quills, are of the same tint ; the edge of the wings and 
the lower coverts are pale vermilion, and the inner edges of the quills are 
of the same tint, but paler. The parts surrounding the base of the bill, 
which are black in the male, are blackish-grey, and the lower parts in 
general are pale greyish-brown. 
Length 7£ inches. 
In a male preserved in spirits, the palate ascends very abruptly, and has 
two very elevated soft ridges, at the junction of which anteriorly is a promi- 
nent soft space, on the lower mandible beneath are three longitudinal ridges 
with four grooves, of which the two lateral are much wider. The tongue is 
43 twelfths long, emarginate and papillate at the base, convex and fleshy 
above, as high as broad, horny beneath, tapering to a point. The width of 
the mouth is 6 twelfths. The lower mandible is broader than the upper, 
exceedingly strong, and very deeply concave. The oesophagus is 2 inches 
5 twelfths in length, 3 twelfths in width. The stomach pretty large, 
roundish, 74- twelfths long, 7 twelfths broad ; its lateral muscles strong, the 
tendons large, the epithelium very dense, longitudinally rugous, brownish- 
red. The stomach is filled with seeds, which have ail been husked. In- 
testine lO^ inches long, its width from 3 twelfths to 2 twelfths. Coeca 3 
twelfths long, 4 twelfth broad, 1 inch distant from the extremity. Cloaca 
ovate, 4 twelfths in width. 
