SCARLET TANAGER, OR BLACK- WINGED RED-BIRD. 
229 
unspeakably rapturous — must the delight of those individuals have been, 
who have rescued their fellow beings from death, chains, and imprisonment, 
and restored them to the arms of their friends and relations ! Surely in 
such godlike actions, virtue is its own most abundant reward.” 
Male, 7, 111. Female, 6J, 101. 
From Texas to Lake Huron. Throughout the Valley of the Mississippi, 
Kentucky, and Ohio. Common. Migratory. 
Scarlet Tanager, Tanagra rubra , Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. ii. p. 42. 
Tanagra rubra, Bonap. Syn., p. 105. 
Scarlet Tanager, or Black-winged Summer Red-bird, Swains, and Rich. F. Bor. 
Amer., vol. ii. p. 273. 
Scarlet Tanager, Tanagra rubra , Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 465. 
Scarlet Tanager, Tanagra rubra, Aud. Orn. Biog\, vol. iv. p. 388. 
Adult Male in Spring. 
Bill rather short, robust, compressed toward the end, acute. Upper man- 
dible with its dorsal outline declinate and slightly convex, the ridge rather 
narrow, the sides convex, the edges sharp, overlapping, with two slightly 
prominent small festoons about the middle, and a faint notch close to the 
tip, which is a little declinate. Lower mandible strong, with the angle short 
and wide, the dorsal line straight, the back broadly convex, the sides convex, 
the edges sharp, the tip acute. Nostrils round, basal. 
Head rather large, ovate, flattish above ; neck very short ; body ovate, 
compact. Legs shortish ; tarsus short, compressed, rather stout, with seven 
anterior scutella, and tw r o lateral plates forming an acute edge behind ; 
toes of moderate length ; middle toe longer than the tarsus, lateral toes 
much shorter and equal, hind toe stout. Claws rather large, arched, much 
compressed, acute. 
Plumage soft and blended ; very small bristles at the base of the upper 
mandible. Wings of ordinary length, the second quill longest, the first four 
having the outer web attenuated toward the end ; secondaries slightly eraar- 
ginate. Tail rather long, straight, emarginate, of twelve feathers. 
Bill dull greenish-yellow, brown above. Iris hazel. Feet greyish-blue, 
claws greyish-yellow. The general colour of the plumage is pure scarlet ; 
the wings and tail black ; the axillar feathers, inner lower wing-coverts, 
and more or less of the inner webs of nearly all the quills, white. 
Length to end of tail 7 inches, to end of wings 51, to end of claws 6-f . 
extent of wings 111 ; wing from flexure 4 r V ; tail 2}f ; bill along the ridge 
rl, along the edge of lower mandible j-f ; tarsus ; hind toe \ l {, its claw p| , 
middle toe ]%, its claw \ y *. 
Adult Female. 
Vol. III. 
37 
