132 
WINTER WREN. 
Winter Wren, Sylvia Troglodytes , Wils. Amer. Orn., vol. i. p. 139. 
Troglodytes europ^eus, Bonap. Syn., p. 93. 
Troglodytes hyemalis, Winter Wren, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer., vol. ii.p. 318. 
Winter Wren, Troglodytes hyemalis , Nutt. Man., vol. i. p. 42*7. 
Winter Wren, Troglodytes hyemalis, Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. iv. p. 430. 
Adult Male. 
Bill rather long, slender, tapering, acute, nearly straight, sulitrigonal at 
the base, compressed towards the end. Upper mandible with the dorsal out- 
line slightly arched, the ridge narrow, the sides sloping at the base, towards 
the end slightly convex and erect, the edges sharp, direct, without not® ; 
lower mandible with the angle narrow and rather acute, the dorsal outline 
straight, the back narrow, the edges sharp and inflected, the tip very narrow ; 
the gape-line very slightly arched. Nostrils linear-oblong, basal. 
Head ovate, of moderate size, neck short; body ovate. Feet of ordinary 
length ; tarsus compressed, with seven anterior scutella, of which the upper 
are indistinct ; toes rather large, compressed ; first large and much longer 
than the two lateral, which are equal, the third much longer ; the third and 
fourth coherent as far as the second joint of the latter. Claws long, arched, 
extremely compressed, laterally grooved, acute. 
Plumage soft and blended ; no bristle-feathers at the base of the bill. 
Wing shortish, broad, much rounded ; first quill very small, being little more 
than half the length of the second, which is 2i twelfths shorter than the 
third ; the fourth longest, and exceeding the third by half a twelfth, and the 
fourth by somewhat less ; secondaries long, rounded. Tail short, much 
rounded, of twelve slightly arched, weak rounded feathers. 
Bill dusky brown, with the basal edges of the upper and two-thirds of the 
lower mandible paler. Iris brown. Tarsi and toes pale greenish-brown, as 
are the claws. The general colour of the upper parts is reddish-brown, 
darker on the head, brighter on the tail-coverts, quills, and tail. There is a 
white spot near the tips of the posterior dorsal feathers. The secondary 
coverts, and the first small coverts, have each a white spot at the tip. The 
wing-coverts and quills banded with blackish-brown and brownish-red, the 
bands of the latter colour becoming reddish-white on the outer five quills. 
Tail with twelve dusky bands. The dorsal feathers and scapulars are more 
faintly barred in the same manner. A brownish-white band from the upper 
mandible over the eye ; the cheeks brown, spotted with brownish-white, the 
margins of the feathers being of the former colour ; the lower parts pale 
reddish-brown, the sides and abdomen barred with brownish-black and grey- 
ish-white ; the fore neck and breast more faintly barred ; the lower wing- 
. coverts and axillars greyish-white, barred with dusky ; the lower tail-coverts 
brownish-red, barred with dusky, and having the tip white. 
