THE CANADA GOOSE. 
195 
behind the eyes ; rump and tail-feathers also black. The general colour of 
the rest of the upper parts is greyish-brown, the wing coverts shaded into 
ash-grey; all the feathers terminally edged with very pale brown; the lower 
part of the neck passing into greyish-white, which is the general colour of 
the lower parts, with the exception of the abdomen, which is pure white, 
the sides, which are pale brownish-grey, the feathers tipped with white, 
and the lower wing-coverts, which are are also pale brownish-grey. The 
margins of the rump, and the upper tail-coverts, pure white. 
In very old males, I have found the breast of a fine pale buff. 
Length to end of tail 43 inches, extent of wings 65; bill along the ridge 
2-J, in depth at the base lfV, in breadth 1; tarsus 3 T 7 2 ; middle toe and claw 
4f; wing from flexure 20; tail 74. Weight 7 lbs. 
Adult Female. 
The female is somewhat less than the male, but similar in colouring, 
although the tints are duller. The white of the throat is tinged with 
brown ; the lower parts are always more grey, and the black of the 
head, neck, rump, and tail, is shaded with brown. 
Length 41 inches. Weight 54 lbs. 
Male, presented by Dr. T. M. Brewer of Boston. The mouth is 1 inch 
2 twelfths in width ; the anterior part of its roof, which is concave, is 
beautifully marked with a middle tuberculated ridge, two lateral ridges of 
lamelliform tubercles, and between them a number of irregularly dispersed 
tubercles, besides the lateral lamellae properly so called, of which there are 
18 on each side ; the lamellae of the lower mandible are 50. The tongue is 
li inches long, fleshy, with a deep median groove, a lateral series of small, 
tapering, acute, reversed papillae, and a semicircular tip, having a very thin 
horny edge. The posterior aperture of the nares is oblongo-linear, If 
inches in length. The oesophagus, abed, is 22 inches long; for 12 inches 
its width is only 9 twelfths, but on entering the thorax it expands, at b, to 
1 A inches, then contracts a little, in the proventricular portion, c d, again 
enlarges to 15 inches, and finally to If inches. The stomach, d ef g, is an 
extremely developed gizzard, of a transversely elliptical form, placed 
obliquely, 4£ inches in breadth, 2 inches 10 twelfths in length ; the left 
muscle 1 inch 9 twelfths thick, the right 2 inches ; the epithelium forms two 
transversely elliptical, concave, grinding surfaces, of great density (but is 
altogether wanting on the rest of the inner surface, although this may have 
happened after death). The proventricular glands are very small, cylin- 
drical, 2i twelfths in length, and form a belt 2 inches in breadth. The 
duodenum curves at the distance of 8 inches, and there are formed 12 folds 
by the intestine, which is 10 feet in length, 10 twelfths in tyidth at the 
upper part, afterwards 7f twelfths, until towards the rectum, when it 
