31 
lightened the labour of gathering firewood, and, in conjunction with 
a saw, knife, nails, and hammer, enabled him to furnish his home 
with such conveniences as chairs and tables, that were beyond the 
reach of the aborigines, to whom the making of a single board was 
a heavy task. Sheet-iron stoves were not yet invented, but with 
mortar and brick (or stone) the European settler could build a 
chimney that permitted him to enjoy the open fire of the Indians 
without the smoke that often made their dwellings almost unin- 
habitable. His copjDer cooking-pot was not fragile like their pottery 
51166 
Eskimo archers of Coronation gulf. "J'lteir bow luid an extreme range of oniy 125 
yaials and an effective range of from 30 to 40. (Photo 1/y Sir G, Hubert Wilkins.) 
vessels, or perishable like the wooden boxes, the birch-bark kettles, 
and the bags of buffalo-hide, in which the tribes who lacked pot- 
tery cooked their meat with the aid of hot stones. Lanterns and 
candlesticks of metal helped to illumine his home during the long 
nights of winter, extending the working hours, while the Indians 
were crouching in semi-darkness around their lodge fires. Steel 
knives rendered easy the cutting of wood and meat, steel awls 
and needles facilitated sewing and the working of hides and leather. 
