37 
spoons, combs, awls, and neetlles; and they made ornaments of hali- 
otis, dentalium, clam, and other shells. It was the possession of stone 
tools that made these articles possible, even though the natives some- 
times used a beaver or fox tootli for graving antler and bone, and 
employed hunting knives made of bone or antler instead of stone. 
Similarly, it was with stone knives, and stone and bone scrapers, 
that they rlressed and tailored the skins that provided them with both 
tents and clotliing. 
73464 
Some basic aboriginal stone tools; knife, adze, hammer, drill, and scraper. 
The stone knife and the stone adze were equally indispensable 
for all wood-work. The Indians utilized both the hard and the soft 
timbers in which the Dominion abounded. From the giant cotton- 
wood, cedar, and elm, they carved dug-outs that often exceeded fifty 
and even sixty feet in length ; and from the bark of the birch, spruce, 
and elm, they made lighter canoes eminently fitted for travelling 
along the swift rivers. The rather soft, straight-grained cedar, which 
can be split so readily into long planks, even with wooden or antler 
wedges and stone mauls, furnished the Pacific Coast natives with 
large, comfortable dwellings capable of housing several families. 
Other planks from the same cedar, bent with steam and either pegged 
