47 
toboggans to aid in transport. Then the periodic scarcity of fish 
and game necessitated methods for preserving the supplies accumu- 
lated in seasons of abundance. Finally, the movements of the salmon 
in large shoals, and of the buffalo and caribou in herds, favoured co- 
operative rather than individual effort, and influenced not only the 
methods of fishing and hunting, but even the social organization 
of the Indian communities. 
49490 
Smoke-liouses of the Taiinshian Indians, for drying^ salmon, Kitkargas, B.C. 
(Photo hy O. M. Barheau.) 
No tribe in Canada escaped these seasonal movements in quest 
of food, although there was considerable variation in the frequency 
and times of the movements. The Eskimo of the Arctic regularly 
marched inland at the end of spring to hunt caribou or to fish in the 
lakes, and as regularly marched back to the coast at the beginning of 
winter to track out the seals on the sea ice. Almost reversing these 
movements, the Alicmac of the Maritime Provinces, and the Bella 
Coola, Tsimshian, Carrier, and other tribes of British Columbia, 
hunted moose and various land animals during the winter, and settled 
on the coast or along the rivers during the summer to trap the migrat- 
ing salmon. The Chipewyan east of the Mackenzie river followed 
