64 
couver island built dams of stones in the shape of large horseshoes, 
along the banks of tidal rivers, to impound the salmon when the tide 
went oLit;^ and in the Arctic the Eskimo laid straight, stone dams 
across streams that the salmon trout ascended, leaving small openings 
in the lower rows, but completely closing the uppermost.- The 
Indians of eastern and western Canada had fences of piles and brush. 
4948!) 
Fislitiapi? of tlie Tsiiiishiao liulianSj at Kitkargas, ICC. (Photo Jiif C. M. Parheau.) 
many of them so elaborate and extensive that their construction 
required the combined labour of an entire community. These log 
weirs provided many tribes in British Columbia with two-thirds of 
the yearly food supidy, so that their destruction by floods or enemies 
was a terrible disaster. Sir Alexander Mackenzie, who examined one 
on the upper reaches of the Bella Coola river during his memorable 
1 Boas, F. : Op. cit., p. 465 f. 
- .Ifiiiu'ss. I),: (Jj). fit., 11 . 155 f. 
