223 
j'ountled bases, overhanjiing or cornice-like rims, and, occasionally, 
handles; curved pipes made of stone or earthenware and frequently 
carved or modelled into human, bird, or animal forms; and now and 
ajuain an oi-nament made of shell. Many of the arrow-hcafls are of 
})one or antler; those of chipped stone are sometimes eciuipped with 
l:)arbs or stems, but more often, perhaps, present the outline of a 
simple isosceles triangle.' The pottery, too, has been modelled into 
shajie, not built up by the alternative method of coiling.- Sites with 
tliese remains per.sist into European times, when shell beads become 
inore numerous and iron knives and axes appear. We recognize them 
as the village sites of an agricultural people, because the refuse 
fleposits always contain chai'red corn and beans; and we can be cer- 
tain, too, that tliey mark the locations of Ircxiuoian settlements, for 
some of them are actually mentioned by the early Jesuit missionaries, 
although the majority were abandoned before their time. 
The second group of sites yields very different remains, which 
we can likewise identify as typical of the Algonkian tribes in north- 
eastern America. Arrow-heads of bone are here very scarce, and 
those made of stone are more frequently barbed or stemmed than 
triangular. The pots, of inferior texture, are manufactured by the 
coiling ])rocess as often as by jnodelling, and are witliout collars, over- 
hanging cornices, or liandles. Pipes and shell ornaments seem rare, 
but in their place are occasional objects of cop]:)er and many stone 
implements not present in Iroquoian remains, such as gouges, grooved 
axes, ]iestles shaped like bells or cylinders, and polished ornaments 
that, according to their form, are classified into gorgets, banner-stones, 
and amulets.'^ All these Algonkian sites are prehistoric, revealing no 
traces of European contact, and since many of them lie in what was 
Iroquoian territory in the sixteenth century we know that they must 
precede the Iroquoian occupation of the St. Lawrence lowlands, even 
although as yet we have found no actual super-imposition of remains. 
There are no storage pits for grain on these Algonkian sites, nor any 
indication that their inhabitants were acquainted with the cultivation 
1 In Kcw York Iho triancnlar funiis prwioiiiiiuito almost to the t-xclnsion of (lie oilier types. Parker, 
A. C. : “Origin of the Irotiuois’’ ; Am. Anih., n.s.. vol. xviii, p. 484 (1916). On the other hand 
stone drills are r.are or lacking in Iroquoian sites south of the border, but not ’.incommon in Ontario. 
They arc very plentiful in .Algonkian sites. 
2 For a description of Huron pot-making Sec Sagard, T. G.: “ liistoire du Canada,” vol. 1. p. 260 
(Pari.s, 1866). 
2 The few two-holed gorgets discovered f»n Iroquoian sites were probably derived from the .Algon- 
kian.s. 
