247 
about a thousand years agod Arclueology ai:>]iears rather to support 
the latter theory, but with the date of entry into America pushed 
back another two or three thousand years. It is worth noticing that 
Professor Ruggles Gates, when testing the blood-groupings of the 
Alackenzie Delta Piskimo, obtained in 50 i)er cent of his cases a 
reaction for agglutinogen B, the agglutinogen that is more dominant 
in eastern Asia than in Europe. Such a percentage among Eskimo 
seems too high to attribute to any white admixture, even though the 
number of cases examined was small.- Since pure-blood Indians 
appear to possess neither this agglutinogen, nor agglutinogen A,’^ its 
presence in nearly pure-blood Eskimo, if substantiateci, would suggest 
a separate origin for the two peoples, and lend additional strength 
to Bogoras’ theory that the Eskimo have migrated from Asia into 
America witliin com])aratively recent times. 
Scientists are divided, also, concerning the possible kinship of the 
Eskimo with some of the upper palseolithic peoples of Europe. Sollas 
claims as typically Plskimo a skull that was found at Chanceladc. in 
the Dordogne district of central France, and Sullivan secs an equally 
great resemblance to the Eskimo type in a skull found at Obercassel, 
near Bonn in Gei'inany. Keith and others deny any similarity.’* 
Theoretically, it would seem not impossible that the generalized 
Eskimo type established itself somewhere in the Old World towards 
the close of the Glacial period, and that some of its representatives 
]:)enetrated to western Ihirope. But this will not solve the problem 
of the relationship of the Plskimo to our Indians or to the peoples 
of northern Asia. Nor does it throw any light on their history and 
wanderings from the closing centuries of the Ice Age to the end of 
the first millenium A.D. 
Of the questions with which we commenced this chapter only 
one can we claim to have answered with reasonable certainty. The 
Indians arc not indigenous to America, but have migrated hither 
from the Old World, probably b}^ way of Bering strait. How long 
1 HiiiToras, W. ; “Early Migrations of llic Eskimo between Asia and America”: Comple-Rendn, 
Congres International des Amcricimistes, 21.st session, 2nd ]5t., at Go(el)org, 1S)24, pp. 216-235 (Goteborg 
Musenm, l!i25). 
- Personal coiimmnication from Professor Riiggles Gates. 
3 Snyder, L. H.: “Human Rlood Groujis: Tlieir Inheritance and Racial Siginficance” ; Jour. Physi- 
cal .\nthropolog>', vol. ix. No. 2, pp. 233-264 (Gencv.a, Now York, 1926). 
■1 SoHa.s, W. J.; “The Chanceladc Skull”; .Tour., Royal .Anthropological Inst., vol, Ivii, pp. 
89-122 (London, 1927). Sullivan, ],. R.: “Relationships ot the Upjht Pah-colithic Races of Europe”; 
Nat. Hist.., vol. xxiv, No. 6, pp. 682-696 (New York, 192-1). 
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