32 
Subspecific Characters. Large size, pale breast and underbody, long 
bill, and feet large in proportion to the tarsus. This and occidentalis are 
the largest of the Canada geese. Wing from 405 mm. to 500 mm, and over, 
Aveighing up to 12 pounds and occasionally even more. One has been 
reported 18 pounds. The culmen (in adults) runs from 49 nun. to 55 nun. 
and up. The bill is long and the depth goes into the length from 1-88 
to 2-27, averaging 2- 10 times. The feet are approximately as long as the 
tarsus, the nail and claAv going into the tarsus from 0-93 to 1*03, averaging 
0-99 times. It is notable that eastern birds are larger than western or 
northern ones. This is not shown in the above schedule, but is evident 
from migrant specimens incidentally examined. 
Figure 1 . Typical bills of the races of the Branla canadensis group. Natural size. 
Distribution . Canadensis breeds across the continent, in the east as 
far north as the southern Baffin Island coast, in the west an undetermined 
distance north of the prairies and southern British Columbia. As deter- 
mined by Jack Miner’s banding records and available specimens it is the 
common breeding goose of James and Hudson bays for most of the 
east coast and the Avest side at least as far as Churchill, probably stopping 
somewhere south of cape Eskimo where it appears to be replaced by 
leucopareia . 
