70 
Drill Points 
Drill points, which are rarer than other chipped stone objects on 
Algonkian sites, are mostly of chert, only a few being of quartzite or 
quartz. They present the following different types: crude, with broad, 
leaf-shaped base, long and slender with wedge (Plate IY, figure 6) or club- 
shaped base, double pointed, T-shaped (Plate IV, figure 7), and notched 
and stemmed (Plate IV, figure 8). Drill points have been found at several 
Neutral-Iroquoian sites (as many as five being from one site), at an early 
Huron site, and at a post-European Iroquois site. They are entirely 
absent from other Iroquoian sites in the eastern part of southern Ontario 
and western Quebec, and are rare in New York. 1 In a few cases they are 
made of arrow heads, the attenuated tips of which were found suitable for 
drilling; a few are double pointed, but none of them is of the T-shaped type 
found on Algonkian sites. 
Scraper Blades 
Scrapers of five different types are common on Algonkian sites. The 
most simple specimens are crude, piano- and concavo-convex chips of 
chert (Plate IV, figure 9), in a few cases with one end pointed for insertion 
in a handle; a few are leaf-shaped (Plate IV, figure 10); many are stemmed 
(Plate IV, figure 13), or notched (Plate IV, figure 11), being probably broken 
arrow heads with the broken end trimmed off round for use; and others 
are shaped like a saddler’s knife (Plate IV, figure 12). The stemmed forms 
are the most common, as many as seventy-four coming from one site. 
Only specimens of the piano- and concavo-convex types are found on 
Iroquoian sites of all periods, being more abundant than arrow points at 
some sites. A few of those from post-European Tionontati and Iroquois sites 
have serrated edges (Plate XII, figure 5), but this may have been suggested 
by whites, for none of the specimens from early sites has this feature. 
Ground and Polished Stone Artifacts 
There is a greater variety of ground and polished than of chipped 
stone artifacts on Algonkian and Iroquoian sites. Algonkian ground stone 
artifacts, of all kinds, however, are less common than those of chipped stone; 
on Iroquoian sites, on the other hand, they are more abundant than chipped 
artifacts. Artifacts of this class are mostly utilitarian, and include points 
for arrows and knives, bayonet slates, dishes, pestles, mullers, mortars, 
adzes, chisels, gouges, ungrooved and grooved axes, knife-like tools, grooved 
stone mauls, beads, pendants, disks, pipes, plummets, a spool-shaped 
object, gorgets, boat stones, bar and bird amulets, banner stones, and 
tubes, the last eight being of unknown use. 
Ground Slate Points for Arrows and Knives 
Ground slate arrow and knife points of various sizes, with leaf-shaped 
or triangular blades, elliptical or diamond-shaped in cross-section, have 
been found at several Algonkian sites in Ontario and Quebec. Most of 
them have stems, which are either long and slender, in some cases with 
rounded edges (Plate V, figures 2 and 8); broad, with the edges squared 
‘Parker, Archaeological History, op. cit., p. 107. 
