78 
Pipes 
The writer has never found stone pipes on an Algonkian site. Most 
of those occurring sporadically in Ontario, and which are not referable to 
Iroquoian inhabitants, may belong to either mound-building Indians or 
Algonkians. The only type of which we can be reasonably sure are the 
so-called Micmac pipes (Plate XII, figure 15), but most of these are com- 
paratively recent. The well-known monitor type of pipe with prow-like 
extension in front of the bowl (Plate XII, figure 16), of which several 
specimens have been found here and there throughout Ontario and in one 
locality in Quebec, if used by the Algonkians, may have been obtained 
by them from mound-building Indians; at least they are mostly found in 
mounds in the United States. Another type of monitor, which has been 
found, not on definitely located sites, but in regions where artifacts of 
almost exclusively Algonkian origin occurred, has a handle-like projection 
on the base; Parker, however, seems to consider this to be of mound- 
builder origin. 1 The sub-type of monitor, with stem and bowl at an obtuse 
angle, also occurs, but here again there is no definite information to help us, 
because none has been found on a site in association with Algonkian arti- 
facts. The provenience of a curved-base mound pipe, found in Ontario, 
is also uncertain. 
Stone pipes from Iroquoian sites are of many different types. Those 
from Neutral sites of the archaic period consist of a type of monitor of the 
same type as some of those from mound-builder and Algonkian sites. 
Specimens of the same type have been found on sites of the transitional 
period. Pipes from Neutral sites of the late pre-European period show 
greater variety, the simplest being a detachable or stemless vasiform bowl, 
and another stemless type, high-bowled, with rectangular cross-section, 
in some cases with incised and other decoration. 2 Other stemless pipes 
are carved to represent birds, the bowl cavity and the hole for the recep- 
tion of the stem being in the back. The stemmed pipes are mostly of 
the simple elbow type, some of them plain and others with human faces 
carved on the bowl, two of them having, in addition, a lizard-like creature 
winding around the stem. 3 Pipes from late pre-European Huron and 
Tionontati sites are of several different types, most of them being stemless, 
which are either conoidal and vasiform, or carved to represent birds and 
mammals. The stemmed pipes are mostly plain. Stone pipes are scarce 
on Mohawk-Onondaga sites of the late pre-European period, consisting 
mainly of a few stemmed specimens; one specimen of the same type as 
that on Plate XII, figure 26, has a human form carved on the front of the 
bowl, one is carved to represent a bear-like animal, and another repre- 
sents a bird. The number of stone pipes greatly increases on post-European 
Neutral, Huron, Tionontati, and Iroquois sites; there is an appreciable 
increase of stemmed specimens, and there is also a greater variety of forms, 
including more pipes with representations of birds (Plate XII, figure 21), 
mammals and human forms (Plate XII, figure 23). Some of the stemmed 
pipes and a few stemless specimens have animal forms represented as 
climbing up the front of the bowl, the tail extending along the bottom of 
the stem or around the base of the bowl (Plate XII, figures 22, 24, and 25). 
ij See Parker: Arch. Hist. N.Y., op. cit., pipe in lower left corner, Plate 21. 
2 See Boyle: Arcbasological Report, 1898, Toronto, 1898, figs. 5-8. 
*See Laidlaw, George E.: Effigy Pipes in Stone, sixth paper. Thirty-fourth Annual Archaeological Report, 1923, 
Toronto, 1924, fig. 3. 
