80 
Six of the specimens are probably fish-hooks. One of the smaller ones is 
roughly square in cross-section and about 2\ inches long, with a knob at 
the end of the shank for the attachment of a line. 1 The one seen on Plate X, 
figure 8, is round in cross-section and the end of the shank is bent over to 
form a loop for the line. The largest specimen of what was probably a 
fish-hook, as is suggested by the loop for the attachment of a line, is 6^ 
inches long and 3 inches wide; Plate X, figure 7, shows a smaller one of 
the same type from the same locality. The specimen from the central 
part of southern Ontario is about the same size as the one in figure 7 but 
is not so angular, and the one from Batiscan, Quebec, is of the same type 
(Plate X, figure 9). Two extremely large specimens, one 12 inches and 
the other 17 inches long, from Lake Superior region, 2 were probably used 
as gaffs. 
Knives 
Knives differ from spear points in having either curved or leaf-shaped 
blades, in some cases with only one sharp edge. Generally they have tangs 
for insertion in handles (Plate X, figure 10), only a few being perforated. 
They are less common than spear points on Algonkian sites. One specimen 
has been reported from a Neutral-Iroquoian site of the archaic period, but 
it was probably obtained from Algonkians. 
Adzes, Chisels, and Axes 
Adzes, chisels, and axes of copper are seldom found, the writer having 
a record of only thirty specimens from Ontario and Quebec, most of them 
coming from the eastern part of southern Ontario and the western part of 
northern Ontario. The cutting edge of most specimens is curved and in 
many cases the lower part of the blade flares. Those with one side flatter 
than the other were probably used as adzes and chisels (Plate X, figure 14), 
and those that are symmetrical as viewed from the narrow sides may have 
been axes (Plate X, figure 17). They are either rectangular, triangular, 
or pentagonal in cross-section. The poll is usually narrower than the 
cutting edge. Copper specimens of these types are not found on Iroquoian 
sites. 
Spuds 
Spuds are adze-likejtools withja socket formed by bending the edges 
of the upper half of the blade inward, but their precise use is unknown 
(Plate X, figure 13). They are rare, the writer having records of onlj'' 
four specimens, all but one being from north of lakes Huron and Superior. 
All of them are probably from Algonkian sites. 
Gouges 
A few copper gouges (Plate X, figure 16) have been found on Algonkian 
sites but do not occur on Iroquoian sites. 
>See Boyle, D.: Annual Archaeological Report, 1903, fig. 57. 
‘See Orr, R. B.: Thirty-sixth Annual Archaeological Report, 1928, pp. 51 and 54, 
