81 
Pikes or Poniards 
Nine long copper objects of unknown use, all except two of which 
taper to a point at each end, have been found in Ontario. The largest 
specimen (from Sebastopol township, Renfrew county, Ontario) is 19^ 
inches long, f-inch in diameter, and weighs more than 2 pounds. 1 These 
specimens are probably all from Algonkian sites; none has been found on 
an Iroquoian site. 
Scraper-like Tools 
Three copper scraper-like objects, generally known as “crescents,” 
two of them with a tang at each end for insertion in a handle, have been 
found in three different localities in the central portion of southern Ontario, 2 
and one of another type, thicker, on a site in Quebec (Plate X, figure 11). 
No objects of this type occur on Iroquoian sites. 
Awl-like Tools 
Copper awls, roughly square in cross-section and pointed at both 
ends, are rarely found on Algonkian sites; they are mostly from graves of 
the mound-building Indian culture. The object on Plate X, figure 15, may 
have been an awl, the wider end perhaps serving for a handle. Awls of this 
material are said to have been found on a Neutral site of the late pre- 
European period, in Oxford county, Ontario, but this is the only record of 
their occurrence on an Iroquoian site. 
Beads 
Beads made of copper are rarely found on Algonkian sites and were 
probably not in general use as among mound-building Indians. The only 
one ever found by the writer (Plate X, figure 12) is made of thin sheet 
copper. They are not found on Iroquoian sites in Canada. 
EARTHENWARE 
Earthenware from Algonkian and Iroquoian sites in Ontario and 
Quebec consists mostly of pottery fragments, a few nearly whole pots, and 
a few pipes, Iroquoian earthenware includes also beads and disks. 
Pottery 
Pottery is one of the most important criteria in identifying cultures. 
Algonkian pottery is distinctive and can easily be recognized, even when 
found intrusively on Iroquoian sites. The pots are usually globular, 
although the bases of a few vessels appear to have been almost pointed. 
1 This is by no means the longest specimen of this type. One found in Wisconsin is 29 inches long, and another, 
in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, is 40 inches. 
i See Boyle, D.: Annual Archaeological Report, 1904, figs. 75 and 76 (Toronto, 1905). 
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