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Antler Chisel - and Adze-like Tools 
Some antler objects, mostly of tines, found at most sites of the late 
pre-European period, have the smaller end ground down to a chisel edge, 
but whether for use as chisels or as wedges is unknown (Plate XVI, figure 4). 
The larger end in some cases shows the effects of hammer blows. One or two 
specimens of another kind, made from broad, thin pieces of antler (Plate XVI, 
figure 5), have been found at post-European Iroquois sites; but their pur- 
pose, also, is uncertain. 
Chipping Tools 
Small punch-like objects of three different kinds, made of antler, 
have been found on Neutral sites of the archaic, transitional, and late pre- 
European periods, late pre-European Huron and Tionontati sites, and on 
post-European Iroquois sites. Those from the early sites are mostly oblong 
in cross-section (Plate XVI, figure 7), whereas those from post-European 
Iroquois sites are round and most commonly somewhat club-shaped (Plate 
XVI, figure 6). 
A rrow-straighteners 
Several antler objects with a large hole drilled through the wide part 
where the antler branches, which are called arrow-straighteners by local 
collectors, have been found at post-European Tionontati (Plate XVI, figure 
12), Huron, and Iroquois sites; their use as arrow straighteners, however, is 
purely conjectural. 
Handles 
Several different types of handles have been found at a Mohawk- 
Onondaga site of the late pre-European period. One kind, made of an 
antler tine, has a socket in one end. Another has a deep, narrow cleft in 
one side of the smaller end for the reception of a stone blade. A third, 
and larger kind, has a deep socket and a hole at right angles to it, as for a 
pin to hold the blade in place. A fourth has a curved groove on one side, 
apparently to hold a beaver incisor chisel or knife. 
Awls 
The most common implements from Iroquoian sites consist of awl- 
like tools of various kinds, including those retaining for a handle the joint 
of the bone from which they are derived (Plate XV, figures 4-6), those 
retaining only a few vestiges of the original form of the bone, those made of 
splinters, and those that have been worked over completely and are 
smoothly finished, and polished (Plate XV, figure 7). A few specimens of 
the last class have carved, notched ends (Plate XV, figure 8) ; and others 
bear incised decoration, among other designs, chevrons. A few awl-like 
tools of antler, from Neutral sites of the late pre-European period, retain 
part of the beam of the antler as a handle; they were probably used gimlet 
fashion. Awls are found on Neutral sites of all periods, on Huron, Tion- 
ontati, Mohawk, and Onondaga sites of the late pre-European period, and 
on most sites of the post-European period. They are the only bone arti- 
facts found on Algonkian sites, one, perforated, being from a site in Camden 
township, Lennox county, and another, imperforate, from a site on the 
shore of Rideau lake, Lanark county, Ontario. 
