90 
Needles 
Needles are of two types, the one slender, with the eye near one end, 
the other wide, in many cases curved from end to end, and with an eye 
(mostly oval) near the centre (Plate XV, figure 9); the latter were prob- 
ably used in weaving the mesh of snowshoes, as they are like the needles 
used by modern Indians for this purpose. Two specimens of the first type 
were found at the site of Hochelaga. Specimens of the second type are 
common on Neutral sites of the archaic and late pre-European periods, on 
Huron and Mohawk-Onondaga sites of the late pre-European period, and 
on Tionontati, Huron, and Iroquois sites of the post-European period. 
Spatulate Objects 
A few highly polished spatulate or paddle-shaped objects, of unknown 
use, were found on a Mohawk-Onondaga site, but do not seem to occur 
on other Iroquoian sites in Canada. 
Beaming Tools 
Fragments of four beaming tools, or draw-shave scrapers, used in 
tanning, have been found on a Neutral-Iroquoian site of the archaic period. 
They are rare at Iroquois sites, only one in New York state having yielded 
implements of the same kind; but they are abundant in mound culture 
sites in Ohio. 
Fleshers 
A few chisel-like tools made from tibiae and a femur of a large mammal, 
perhaps deer, in some cases with the edge toothed, have been found at a few 
Huron sites of the late pre-European period in Simcoe 1 and Victoria coun- 
ties, and at post-European Tionontati sites in Simcoe county. Their use 
was probably suggested by Algonkian neighbours of the Hurons and 
Tionontati, as they resemble the tools used by the Plains Indians for 
fleshing hides. 
Combs 
A few combs made of bone and antler have been found at archaic 
Neutral and late pre-European Neutral and Huron sites; many others 
come from post-European sites. All those from early sites, seen by the 
writer, have three and five teeth, and a few bear incised decoration 2 (Plate 
XVI, figure 8); others have large holes cut through the top. A few of 
those from post-European sites also have holes through the top, but most 
of them have more teeth than those from early sites (Plate XVI, figure 9). 
The tops of most of the combs of this period are carved to represent human 
and animal forms. 3 
iSee Boyle: Report for 1902, op. cit., fig. 8. 
-See Boyle: Ann. Arch. Rept,, 1904, fig. 47 (Toronto, 1905). 
•See Boyle: Annual Archaeological Report and Canadian Institute (Session 1891), Toronto, 1892, fig. 62; Report 
for 1903, figa. 48-50; and Report for 1904, fig. 52; and Orr, Thirty-third Annual Archeological Report, 1021-22, two 
lower figures on p. 119. 
