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Faces and Figurines 
A few small, perforated, concavo-convex pieces of bone, carved to 
represent human faces, have been found at Huron sites of the post-Euro- 
pean period in Simcoe county. 1 A small human figurine of bone, with a 
perforation for suspension through the neck, 2 comes from a post-European 
Iroquois site, and another of antler, from a Tionontati site of the same 
period. 
Artifacts made of Teeth 
Artifacts made of teeth consist mainly of chisels, knives, pendants, 
and beads. 
Chisels made of beaver incisors are common at most sites. Those 
that show artificial modification had the root cut off, or the inner, curved 
wall of the tooth removed. In a few cases the root end was worked to a 
bevel to correspond with the unworked natural cutting end. 
Knife blades were made of beaver, porcupine, and woodchuck incisors, 
either by breaking the tooth in two lengthwise, and grinding the broken 
edge smooth, or by grinding the tooth to the desired thickness, thus pro- 
ducing a sharp cutting edge on the concave edge of the tooth. Knives 
made from bear canines have been found on Huron and Mohawk-Onondaga 
sites of the late pre-European period. 
Pendants were made by either notching or perforating the root end 
of bear (Plate XV, figure 16), wapiti, wolf, and raccoon canines, and deer 
incisors (Plate XV, figure 15). 
Only one tooth, the canine of a dog, which seems to have been used 
as a bead, has both ends removed, exposing the longitudinal neural cavity, 
through which the string could be passed. 
Artifacts of Shell 
No artifacts of shell are found on Algonkian sites in Ontario and 
Quebec, but they occur on most Iroquoian sites. 
With the exception of shells of freshwater clams, which in many cases 
are adapted for several uses without artificial modification, Neutral sites 
of the archaic period, and Neutral, Huron, Tionontati, and Mohawk- 
Onondaga sites of the late pre-European period yield very few articles of 
shell. A few pendants made from shells of freshwater clams have been 
found on sites of the late pre-European period, 3 and a few come from post- 
European Neutral or Iroquois sites. 4 * Others, made from pieces of marine 
shells, chiefly Fulgur perversum , of several different kinds, including crude, 
curved, narrow strips, oval pieces (Plate XVII, figure 12), and irregularly 
shaped pieces, with a hole through one end, and a few carved to represent 
animal forms 6 and human faces, are common on post-European Huron, 
1 See Boyle: Archaeological Report, Annual Report of the Canadian Institute, Session 1886-87, fig. 105. 
Ubid., fig. 106. 
*See the author’s “The Use of Shells by the Ontario Indians”; Annual Archaeological Report, 1907, PI. XI, 
fig. b (Toronto, 1908). 
4 Ibid., PI. X, figs, o, b, g, and h, 
Hbid., PI. XIX, fig. g. 
