94 
Tionontati, and Iroquois sites. Small, whole shells of F. perversum 1 and 
F. pyrum 2 have the rostrum either perforated or notched for suspension, 
and a small species of Strombus has a hole through the lip. 3 Several small 
specimens, shaped like ducks, with a hole through the neck and decorated 
with incised lines and pits, have been found at two late seventeenth century 
Iroquois sites; 4 others are shaped like claws. What are known as shell 
pins (Plate XVII, figure 15), but are more likely to have been pendant 
ornaments, found at a few post-European Tionontati sites, probably were 
obtained from Indians of other cultures south of the Great Lakes. There 
are other shell ornaments from post-European Huron, Tionontati, and 
Iroquois sites that consist of curved elliptical pieces of shell with two 
perforations; they are known as crescents (Plate XVII, figures 13 and 14). 
One specimen, perhaps a bead, is shaped like a flat-headed rivet; 5 others 
are like large beads, but have holes drilled straight 6 or diagonally through 
each end; 7 a concavo-convex piece, with holes drilled diagonally through 
one edge, is seen on Plate XVII, figure 16. Another ornament consists of 
a flat, circular disk, with incised decoration on one or both sides, 8 and holes 
drilled through the disk from edge to edge; some of these, however, may be 
of European origin. A few shell ornaments from late pre-European 
Neutral sites are carved to represent fish. 9 
A few beads, some perforated, made from freshwater snails, including 
Goniobasis livescens (Plate XVII, figure 1), Limnaea catascopium, PleurGcera 
subulare, Campeloma decisum (Plate XVII, figure 2), and a small marine 
species, Marginella apicina (Plate XVII, figures 3 and 4), a few discoidal 
specimens made from pieces of freshwater clams and marine shell, and 
cylindrical specimens made from columellae of marine shells (Plate XVII, 
figure 5), have been found on pre-European Neutral, Tionontati, Huron, 
and Mohawk-Onondaga sites. Many of these different kinds of shell 
beads, including specimens like those in figures 7-9, continued in use after 
the arrival of Europeans, but the supply was augmented to an extent 
probably undreamed of by the earlier Indians, thousands having been found 
in ossuaries and village sites. Some of the beads are larger than those 
from the earlier sites (Plate XVII, figures 6, 10, and 11). 
Many shell gorgets have been found in ossuaries at post-European 
Iroquois sites and a few come from ossuaries at Tionontati sites of the 
same period ; they are not found on early sites. They are of three different 
kinds, one being oval with three perforations for suspension near the edge; 
another round with from two to ten perforations (Plate XVII, figure 17); 
and the third pear-shaped, mostly with two holes, but, in some cases, with 
three (Plate XVII, figure 18). 
‘Ibid., PI. XII, figs, a and b. 
Ubid., PI. XII, fig- c. 
*Ibid., PI. XII, fig. d. 
•Ibid., PI. XIX, fig. j.; and Orr, 1921-22 Report, op. cit., illustration on p. 122. Cf. Skinner, “ Notes on Iroquois 
Archaeology,” op. cit., fig. 28. 
‘Wintemberg: “Use of Shell”; op. cit., Pl. XI, fig. c. 
‘Ibid., Pl. IX, fig. h. 
’Ibid , Pl. IX, fig. g. 
•Ibid., Pl. IX, fig. m, and PL X, fig. «. 
•Ibid., PL XIX, fig. b. 
