11 
The lateral palpebral canthus is definitely noted as being higher than 
the medial canthus in ten men at Fond-du-lac; ten men at Chipewyan; 
and in nineteen Crees; many omissions were, however, made in recording 
this feature. The details of the colour of the eye (iris) are set out in 
graphic form in Figure 3. As they were not matched for colour against 
any standard, they can — despite the fact that care was taken in obtaining 
them— only express a personal estimate of the colour distribution. An 
endeavour was made to separate the eyes into six classes: black, dark 
brown, dark to medium brown, medium brown, medium to light brown, 
and grey (including blue or greenish grey). It is apparent from the histo- 
gram: 
(1) That the women at Fond-du-lac have darker eyes than have any 
of the groups of men; 
(2) That in diminishing order of darkness among the men come the 
Cree, followed by the Fond-du-lac band, assumedly pure Chipe- 
wyans, the Chipewyan band, the Fitzgerald band, and the Chipe- 
wyan-white breeds ; 
(3) That if darkness of eye is an index of purity of stock, then the 
above should be the order of purity; 
(4) And, therefore, that the Fond-du-lac band of Chipewyans are 
more pure than those selected as “pure Chipewyans,” and that 
the acknowledged “Chipewyan-white breeds” are hardly more 
mixed than the Fitzgerald band of Indians; 
(5) And, that on this basis the girls who are said to be pure Indians 
quite likely are pure, but the same is not true of the boys; 
(6) That the girls and boys who are undoubtedly breeds may, never- 
theless, have dark brown eyes and that the girls have a larger 
percentage of dark eyes than the boys. 
Contrasted with those examined last year, the Chipewyans at Fond-du- 
lac (male and female) have darker eyes than the Saulteaux and Cree (male 
and female) at Island lake, and the Crees examined this year at Chipewyan 
have much darker eyes than the Crees examined last year at Oxford House. 
Arcws senilis. The eyes of sixteen persons presented the condition 
known as arcus senilis. Of these, eight were between the ages of forty- 
seven and sixty years, and eight were over sixty years of age. (F-d-1, 72, 
77, and 81; Ch., 9, 15, 16, 18, and 19; F. and F.S., 1 and 11; Crees, 4, 6, 
15, 22, 26, and 28.) 
Pterygium, with or without Pannus. This affliction of the con- 
junctiva, so common in the north, was met with in six persons: four being 
Crees and two Chipewyans. (Cree, 4, 17, 18, and 29; Ch., 2 and 15.) 
The digital formula was, in all but nine cases, of the primitive type, 
i.e., the middle finger is the longest or most projecting, then in succeeding 
order of length or projection follow the ring, index, little finger, and thumb. 
The formula thus reads 3>4>2>5>1, and is common to the Primate 
stock. It is said — and my small experience confirms it — that in 10 per 
cent of white persons the index projects beyond the ring finger. Of the 
213 Indians, men, women, and children, investigated this year, in only 
134—2 
