23 
that of the twenty-two breeds ten are drawn from the twenty-four Fitz- 
gerald men, it will be readily understood that the pure are seldom found 
to differ significantly from those at Fond-du-lac (Diff./P.E. diff. for cephalo- 
facial index, 2*0, nose height, 2-2, ear index, 2*6); and that the breeds 
likewise seldom differ significantly from the Fitzgerald men (Diff./P.E. 
diff. from bizygomatic, 2*4, cephalo-facial index, 4*4, hand length, 2*9, 
hand width, 3-5). It is of interest to note that these figures, compiled in 
the manner they have been, show that between the two groups there is a 
significant difference in the cephalo-facial index. 
Cree at Chipewyan and at Oxford House Compared 
Between the twenty-five Cree examined this year at Chipewyan and 
the fifty-five Cree examined last year at Oxford House, the measurements, 
despite the wide expanse of country which separates the two bands, are in 
remarkably close agreement. 
Table VIII, section A, shows that those at Chipewyan are at least 
11-5 cm. shorter than those at Oxford House, and that the difference is due 
almost solely to a difference in the length of the lower limbs. There are no 
differences either in cranial or in facial proportions, save, it is true, in the 
length of the head. In this diameter (glabella ad maximum) the Oxford 
House men have slightly longer heads, 195*9 mms., as against 193*2 mms., 
a difference of only 2*7 mms. In length of upper lip there is again a 
difference of 2*7 mms., and a pretty clear difference in the case of the length 
of the ear. It will be remarked that the breadth of the head and of the 
face, and, therefore, the cephalo-facial indices, are as nearly identical as 
they could reasonably be expected to be. It is, then, in length of leg and 
of upper lip that there are undoubtedly differences between the two bands; 
and, in the length of head and ear there are almost certainly significant 
differences. Above all, one will note that the same long, narrow head 
prevails in both bands of Cree, and that the face, though not actually 
wdde, is, when compared with the head, relatively so; hence the high 
cephalo-facial index of the Cree. Except in these four items, the ratios 
of Diff./P.E. diff. do not, on account of their smallness, entitle us to con- 
clude that there are significant differences between the two bands of Cree 
under discusstion. 
It may be noted that even where the mean measurements of the 
Oxford House Cree differ even insignificantly from those of the Chipewyan 
Cree, they incline towards northern European proportions. This may be 
due to mere chance. It might be due to a difference in the mean age of the 
two bands, because, as has been pointed out, 1 the diameters of the face and 
cranium, and the proportions of most soft parts, including the nose, mouth, 
hand, and length of ear, increase slightly with increasing age, but as the 
mean age of the two bands hardly differs, being for the one, thirty-six 
years, and for the other, thirty-three and a half years, some other cause 
must be sought. A third and likely reason is a difference in the amount of 
white blood in the two bands. The Oxford House band is, beyond question, 
the more mixed; their lighter complexions, lighter-coloured eyes, greater 
1 Ilrdlicka, Ales: The Old Americans. (Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1925.) 
