148 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
Pyrus Kaido, P. Ringo and P. armeniacifolia are garden varieties; they are not 
resistant to our winters. 
LATER AUTHORITIES. 
The full history of Pyrus baccata and Pyrus prunifolia in a state of nature 
and under cultivation is yet to be written. Since their introduction into 
America they have been grown in mixed orchards, especially in the western 
states, and very many hybrids with the cultivated apples have originated 
under cultivation. Many of these are too much subject to blight to be of 
value, while others are regarded as very valuable, especially in the prairie 
Northwest, owing to hardiness and productiveness. The true Pyrus baccata 
has been neglected, owing to small size of fruit, and ignorance of its value 
as a hardy stock. 
As. to the original home of these two species, Dippel gives * Eastern Siberia, 
China and the Himalayas as the native home of Pyrus baccata, and China and 
Japan (p. 398) as that of Pyrus prunifolia. 
Fr. Th. Koeppen in discussing the indigenous distribution in Russia of Pyrus 
Malust concludes as follows (page 417): “Finally, in this connction should 
be named Malus (Pyrus) prunifolia Willd, which form, according to Regel, 
is said to grow in southeastern Russia (?) and in southern Russia. Mean- 
while from the whole Russian empire I find not a single certain locality where 
it has been found (Fundortsangabe). Ledebour gives only Siberia (and also 
this with a question mark), as the native habitat of this form.” 
Prof. L. H. Bailey refers crabs of the Transcendent and Hyslop type to 
P. prunifolia Willd., and considers them hybrids of the common apple and 
Pyrus baccata. After a visit to Berlin Prof. Bailey writesff “Willdenow’s 
type of P. prunifolia, preserved in Berlin, shows flowers and leaves, and has 
the botanical characters of the Transcendent and Hyslop crabs. It is almost 
unmistakably a hybrid of Pyrus Malus and P. baccata.” 
Ivoehne§ gives Siberia and North China as the habitant of P. prunifolia and 
the Himalayas, China, Amur province and Siberia as that of P. baccata. Dr. 
Regel, as has been noted, makes the deciduous calyx segments the distinguish- 
ing characteristic of Pyrus baccata. This characteristic is also emphasized by 
Dippel and Koehne. Koehne mentions P. prunifolia as having taken part in 
the evolution of our cultivated apples. Koehne and Dippel both use the older 
generic name Malus instead of Pyrus. Dippel gives P. baccata odorata (p. 404), 
with fragrant blossoms, as being probably a hybrid; Koehne (p. 261) considers 
this to be a hybrid of baccata and prunifolia (“M. baccata x prunifolia”) and 
states there are many such hybrids which for the most part can not be deter- 
mined without the fruit. This odorata variety, noted as hardy at Brook- 
ings, was imported from the nursery of L. Spaeth, of Baumseliulenweg, near 
Berlin, where Koehne made many of his observations. 
*Handbuch der Laubholzkunde. Yol. Ill, p. 404. Berlin, 1893. 
tGeographische Verbreitung der Holzgewaechse des Europaeischen Russlands and 
des Kaukasus. Erster Theil, p. 404-417 in Vol. V. of “Beitraege zur Kenntniss des 
Russischen Reiches und der angrenzenden Laender Asiens.” St. Petersburg, 1888. 
Auf. Kosten der Kaiserliehen Akademie der Wissenschaften herausgegeben von L. 
v. Schrenck und C. J. Maximowicz. 
JThe Evolution of Our Native Fruits, p. 272. 
gDeutsche Dendrologie, Koehne, p. 260. Stuttgart, 1893. 
