FRUIT REPORTS. 
161 
9. In all parts of Arizona, except a few small mountain valleys, all 
fruits are irrigated. The water is obtained from rivers, conducted to the 
farm in open canals and applied to the orchards in furrows. 
11. Apricots and peaches are evaporated and raisins are made from the 
Alexandria Muscat and Thompson Seedless grapes. 
CALIFORNIA. 
PROF. E. J. WICKSON, BERKELEY, CHAIRMAN. 
REPORT BY J. A. FILCHER, SAN FRANCISCO. 
9. (a) Fruit is grown in all sections of California, excepting in the higher 
mountain and desert regions, and wherever fruit is grown irrigation is prac- 
ticed more or less,, excepting on the low alluvial lands along the rivers. 
(b) The method most commonly employed is by gravitation through ditches 
made to run the water near the trees. In some instances these ditches are 
divided so as to cause the water to circle the trees or run on both sides 
of them; in other instances two ditches are made for each row of trees, one 
on either side. In some practically level and more arid sections the basin 
system is used. This consists of throwing up ridges of soil on lines extending 
both ways between the trees and then running water in the basin lying 
between the ridges. Where a thorough soaking is required and water is 
abundant, this method is considered preferable. In a few instances tiling is 
laid under the surface, and the water being turned through the tiles seeps 
out at the joints and affords what is called sub-irrigation. The preparation 
for this system is expensive, and though it economizes the water and produces 
very favorable results, it is not much practiced. 
(c) Water is obtained from ditches, which divert it from mountain streams, 
and from wells. In a few instances water used for irrigation purposes is 
pumped from the rivers that flow through the districts to be irrigated. In 
California are many flowing or artesian wells. These, where obtainable, 
, afford very cheap water. Where the water in the wells does not rise to the 
surface it is raised by pumps, and the pumps are propelled by wind mills, 
by horse power, by steam or gasoline engines, or by electric power. The 
gasoline engines have proven to be a cheap power, but electricity, which is 
gradually coming into use in some sections, promises to prove even cheaper. 
10. (a) The estimated area of all kinds of fruit in California, including 
trees, vines and berries, is about 400,000 acres. 
(b) The average value of the crop from bearing orchards is from $125 to 
$150 per acre. The average value of the crop for the total acreage, bearing 
and non-bearing, is about $75 per aci*e. 
(c) To pay expenses, deciduous fruits (including grapes and berries) must 
be sold on an average at 1 y 8 cents per pound, and citrus fruits at 1 y 2 cents per 
pound. This includes boxing and packing. 
(d) Estimating the annual aggregate exportation of fruit, wine and brandy 
and vegetables, at its selling price f. o. b., it amounts to about thirty million 
dollars. 
The various kinds and estimated prices realized (gross) are as follows: 
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