FRUIT REPORTS. 
177 
. The peculiar conditions in the north half of the State are: Forty-three 
degrees latitude, far removed from modifying ocean currents, high altitudes— 
800 to 1,400 feet, and generally drift soils from more recent glacial epochs. 
Fruit planting is on the increase and many orchards of one thousand to two 
thousand trees are planted. One orchard covers about one hundred and sixty 
acres. 
Cultivation — Experience is proving that cultivation pays in the orchard 
as well as on the farm. Hoed crops are sometimes raised between the trees 
while young, but thorough, shallow cultivation during May, June and the 
early part of July seems to produce best results. 
The injury 4o fruit trees the past winter has been quite severe in some 
parts of the State, notably in central and southern sections. The per cent 
of injured and killed as reported by the Secretary of our State Horticultural 
Society is as follows: 
Apple trees, injured 25 per cent, killed 17 per cent. American plums, 
injured 13 per cent, killed 9 per cent. European plums, injured 38 per cent, 
killed 30 per cent. Japanese plums, injured 33 per cent, injured 45 per cent. 
Cherry, injured 16 per cent, killed 10 per cent. Pear, injured 32 per cent, 
killed 33 per cent. Peach, injured 13 per cent, killed 79 per cent. Grape 
vines, injured 22 per cent, killed 53 per cent. 
It is possible that many of the injured will recover. 
Notwithstanding the unprecedented winter, fruit growers are by no means 
discouraged. Great crops of all the hardy fruits are raised in alternate 
years, and the question of how^ to preserve it until the glut*is over in the 
market is an interesting and growing one. 
Cold storage is much discussed and the success of others who have prac- 
ticed it is desired. 
KANSAS. 
F. WELLHOUSE, TOPEKA, CHAIRMAN, REPORT BY A. H. GRIESA, 
LAWRENCE. 
Your committee would report that the fruit sections are in the eastern 
portion of the State, and in the western part where it can be irrigated 
which is done to some extent along the Arkansas river. In the eastern por- 
tion of the State fruit is grown successfully on bottom and high prairie land. 
The most successful growers are those that plant selected kinds only, while 
those that grow everything, mostly fail to succeed. 
The best paying apples are Missouri Pippin, Ben Davis, Winesap, Jona- 
than, York Imperial and Grimes Golden. The best peaches are Rivers, Cham- 
pion, Elberta, Shipley and Ringgold. The Crawfords, Early York, Foster, 
Hale and Bokhara No. 3 are not worth the room they occupy. 
Of plums, in the eastern section the American and Japanese kinds do well. 
The Europeans rot here, while in che irrigated section along the Arkansas 
the European class all do as well as in the most favored section of the 
country. No rot, disease or insects affect them there; and the fruit ripens 
to perfection. Ivieffer is the best market pear, the Seckel, Sheldon, Angou- 
Teme and a few others do well; the other kinds are too liable to blight. In 
cherries the sour kinds only are to be planted; among them the Early Rich- 
mond, English Morello, Ostheim are the best. The quince was the most 
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