178 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
seriously injured by tbe past winter; to some extent the raspberries and 
blackberries and old peacb trees, while young trees in good vigor are not 
hurt. 
The cheapest fertilizer for orchard and farms is to plow under the growth 
of weeds in summer; they grow to a great size and furnish much humus to 
the soil. 
The Kansas raspberry, which has in a few years become the raspberry for 
commercial planting from the east to the west, originated here, as did the 
Superb apricot, which is valued for its very superb quality and color. 
Another Kansas seedling is the Cardinal raspberry. The plants are of 
strong growth, hardy and free from disease, and the fruit, which is pro- 
duced in great abundance, is large and resembles Shaffer in quality, but is 
firmer and brighter in color. The season is that of Snyder blackberry. 
CENTRAL KANSAS. 
BY S. S. DICKINSON, LARNED. 
Sandy land with clay subsoil at our elevation of 2,100 feet is among the 
best. Price of orchard land, $5.00 to $30.00 per acre. Bearing orchards are 
not for sale. Missouri Pippin, Winesap, Ben Davis, Gilpin, Willow Twig, 
Wagener, Rome Beauty and Jonathan for late. Grimes Golden, Huntsman, 
Fall Pippin, Maiden Blush and Fall Wine for fall. Early Harvest, Red June, 
Sweet Bough, Early Cooper, Early Pennock, Red Astrachan and White Graft 
for early sorts. Most farmers cultivate and raise potatoes and early crops 
and turnips for five to seven years. No fertilizers have been used except 
manures. I am using cow peas and soy beans for cover crop. 
Codlin moth and blight. For spraying, Bordeaux mixture and arsenities 
are best. For all scale insects I use pure oil, oil and water and kerosene 
emulsion; have tried crude oil, it is not so effective. Irrigation is not used 
here, but it would be beneficial in August and September, when the crop 
is heavy. Fifty per cent of this county is good orchard land. Twenty-five 
acres of orchard one to sixteen years planted, only 20 per cent of trees in 
bearing, have in 1898 netted $1,000. Prices at orchard 25 cents to $1.25; 
out of cellar, $1.50 to $2.00, the culls paying all expenses. Trees hurt by 
winter are Pearmain, Jonathan, Lawver, Rhode Island Greening, Tompkins 
King and Northern Spy. All peach trees were top-killed. European plums, 60 
per cent, Japanese 75 per cent hurt, and quinces 80 per cent killed outright. As 
compared with a full crop all early and summer varieties will give 100 per 
cent; Missouri Pippin and Winesap 40 per cent, and all others 20 per cent. 
WESTERN KANSAS. 
BY C. H. LONGSTRETH, LAKIN. 
2. Soil— Heavy clay loam is the best, but any of our soil is good enough,, 
except when very sandy, and there is little or no difference in high or low" 
lands, as elevation cuts but little figure in a local way— our general elevation 
here is about 3,000 feet. The price of good orchard land is from $3.00 to 
