182 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
trees and smeared with a mixture of lard and sulphur has proved a most 
effective barrier. The caterpillars collect in masses below the bands and are 
then destroyed by crushing*, or by a strong alkali wash. The leading insect 
enemy of the small fruits, aside from the common “currant worm,” — is the 
current trypeta, Epochra canadensis, and the cane borer. For the first, spray- 
ing with Paris green or hellebore is effective; for the second, no remedy, save 
destruction of the fruit, is known; for the last, cutting and burning the 
affected canes is recommended. 
Of fungous diseases, the more important pests are the apple scab, 
Fusicladium dendriticum, “mummied fruit,” Monilia fructigena and black-knot, 
Plowrightia morbosa; for all of which systematic spraying with copper sul- 
phate before the buds expand, and with Bordeaux mixture after, is the ap- 
proved remedy. 
Irrigation is not practiced in any of the fruit growing sections of the State, 
and it is doubtful if the expense would be warranted. 
From the fact that so much of the fruit is scattered along the highways, 
by line fences, and in isolated blocks, it is not possible to give even approxi- 
mately correct data concerning the arpa devoted to the various kinds. The 
largest orchard in the State, that of Mr. Phineas Whittier, Farmington Falls, 
contains about 6,000 trees, two-thirds of which are in bearing. Comparatively 
few orchards, however,, contain more than 1,000 or 1,500 trees, and a far 
greater number 100 to 500 (mainly apples). 
Apples only, have as yet been evaporated, and not enough of these to de- 
termine the best varieties. Very little of the best fruit has been either 
evaporated or canned— the culls and seedling fruit being devoted to this 
purpose. 
As to the hardiness of species and varieties, it may be said that, with the 
exception of peaches and quinces, all of the fruits commonly grown at the 
north will thrive in Maine, and in a few favorable localities even peaches are 
grown for commercial purposes. 
Of fruits not commonly receiving attention the blueberry should be men- 
tioned, though little has been done in the way of its systematic culture. The 
wild lands in the southern part of the State, however, as a result of slight 
care in burning and harvesting, yield an average annual return of about 
$50,000 and it is believed that this income may be greatly increased by 
systematic treatment. 
MANITOBA. 
BY S. A. BEDFORD, BRANDON, CHAIRMAN. 
The Experimental Farm of which I have charge is located in the western 
portion of Manitoba and is about 1,200 feet above sea level, open rolling 
prairie generally. 
1. That portion of the Province lying in the Red River Valley is the 
most suitable for fruit growing but, even there, not over 100 persons are 
engaged in large fruit growing. 
2. Well drained black loam soil has proved best; no sales of orchard lands. 
3. Transcendent crab and Pyrus baccata in its smallest and hardiest forms 
are the only ones to winter safely here at Brandon, in fact in any part of the 
Province west of the Red River Valley. 
4. Orchards all kept cultivated on the surface. 
5. No winter cover crops. 
