FRUIT REPORTS. 
183 
6. No fertilizer needed as the soil is naturally very rich. 
7. No new varieties fully tested. 
8. Sun scald is the worst enemy of fruit trees here; wrap the trees with 
brown building paper. The borer is not known this far west. 
9. No irrigation here. 
10. No shipments of fruit from this part of the Province, not 100 acres 
devoted to all kinds of fruits in the entire western fourth of the Province. 
11. No fruit evaporated here. 
12. Fruits have escaped well this winter. 
On this farm we have tested 187 varieties of the so-called hardy apples and 
not half a dozen are living at this date and not one of the half dozen is 
thrifty. We have had but little better success with either plums or cherries 
when imported, but our native plums selected from those found growing in 
the woods are quite hardy and very promising. 
Small fruits such as currants (all kinds), raspberries of the hardier varieties 
such as Philadelphia, Turner and Reeder, Houghton gooseberries and Hilborn 
black-cap are all hardy here and bear well. 
Native plums, Primus pumila, high bush cranberry, juneberry, currant, 
buffalo berry and raspberry are sometimes cultivated with success. 
MANITOBA.— EASTERN HALF OF RED RIVER VALLEY. 
BY W. G. FONSECA, WINNIPEG. 
1. Fruit Sections— Apples of the crab class such as Transcendent, Hyslop, 
Siberian and Tetofski, thrive in all sections, on high and dry elevations com- 
posed of rich, sandy loam; our elevation above sea level is 738 feet. The 
Winnipeg district is well adapted for fruit culture; along the banks of the 
Red River, crab apples and all of the small fruits and native plums thrive 
well; soil is a sandy loam. The Portage La Prairie region is composed of a 
heavier soil and there success has crowned the efforts of a citizen in the pro- 
duction of Oldenburg. On the banks of the river a standard apple has been 
successfully grown at St. John by the Bishop of Ruperts Land, but un- 
fortunately no information can be got as to where the trees came from or as 
to name; nevertheless these small beginnings carry hope for the future. Mr. 
W. B. Hall, 'of Headingly, on the banks of the' Assineboine, has been 
very successful in apple culture for the last twenty years. The Transcendent 
and Siberian crabs, Red and Yellow, have borne heavy crops and are readily 
sold. Soil same as banks of Red River. Mr. Major of Rildenan, on the banks 
of the Red River has given attention to native plums, and strawberries, in 
sufficient quantities to market. All small fruits do well and are produced in 
considerable quantities. Increased attention is being directed to their com- 
mercial value. Currants, white, red, and black, need no protection. Rasp- 
berries do well, Cuthbert, Golden Queen and Thompson Early Prolific are 
hardy, and need very little protection; all black varieties require protection. 
Gooseberries— Houghton is most reliable here. Industry is also hardy and a 
great bearer. Lancashire is being introduced. This fruit is not subject to 
mildew owing to the dry atmosphere of our Province. 
Insects— The canker worm is our worst enemy. It feeds upon the negundo 
and ,apple leaves as they unfurl. They are sectional in their choice doing 
