184 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
most harm in the city. The tent caterpillars attack plum trees and are very 
injurious. We also have to contend with the aphis. 
MANITOBA.— THE RED RIVER VALLEY. 
BY A. P. STEVENSON, NELSON. 
1. Fruit Sections— In the western half of the Province very little progress 
has yet been made in apple growing, but fair success has attended the efforts 
of some in the eastern half, or the Red River Valley portion of the Province. 
One of the most favorable localities there is that portion along the eastern 
slope of the Pembina mountains which is partially wooded. 
2. Soil — Principally clay loam. Land was cleared of oak or hazel scrub. 
Elevation 800 to 900 feet above the sea level. Average price of the land 
$15.00 to $20.00 per acre. 
3. Varieties— Of the large apple Lieby**, Ostrokoff**, Blushed Calville**, 
Wealthy*, Russian GraVenstein*; Crabapples— Transcendent**, Hyslop**, 
Sweet Russet**, Virginia**, Phillips*, Minnesota*. 
4. „ Cultivation — Find best results when orchard is under cultivation, crops 
are grown among trees, principally small fruits. 
6. Fertilizers — No fertilizer has been used in any orchard to my knowl- 
edge, no necessity having yet arisen for use. 
7. New Varieties— Have heard of none. 
8. Insects and Diseases— Except the flat headed borer (which appears to be 
getting more troublesome) we are quite free from all trouble in this respect. 
No blight has yet been noticed on any trees. 
9. Irrigation— No irrigation is necessary, the rainfall being sufficient. 
10. Statistics — There are no large orchards in this locality; there are a few 
of fair size, planted principally with crab apple trees, that yield fine crops of 
excellent fruit. Later, trees of the large apple were planted and, in favorable 
locations the results are so far encouraging. 
12. Hardiness of Species and Varieties — Sun scald is one of the chief causes 
of injury to the trees. The Leiby is certainly the hardiest of all large apples 
grown in this neighborhood; the Transcendent holding the same place among 
the crab apple trees. 
MASSACHUSETTS. 
BY J. W. MANNING, READING, CHAIRMAN. 
1. Nearly all sections of the state except rough, hilly and boggy lands will 
admit of the culture of large and small fruits. 
2. Such lands as will produce good corn or vegetables are adapted to the 
fruit crops, and intensive cultivation even under unfavorable conditions will 
often result in the most perfect fruit. Some of the best apple, pear and peach 
orchards are at elevations of 800 to 1,000 feet. 
3. Plum culture has in recent years been quite profitable in poultry yards, 
or where spraying has been used to control the curculio. The new Japanese 
varieties seem well adapted to this state. Among the more desirable varie- 
ties of apples are Baldwin**, Hubbardston*, Rhode Island Gh'eening*, Ben 
