IEU IT REPORTS. 
191 
SOUTH EAST MINNESOTA. 
BY J. C. HAWKINS, AUSTIN. 
Fruit Section. Includes fully the south one-third of the State. The best 
soil for the tree fruits is a sandy loam underlaid with clay or limestone. Our 
best orchards are on a north or northeast slope at elevations of from 1,100 to' 
1,165 feet. 
Cultivation is generally practiced and attended with good results. Clover 
is the best cover crop. For fertilizing, barnyard manure is extensively used 
with good results; no commercial fertilizers are used in this section. Irriga- 
tion is not practiced. No fruits are evaporated. The price of land in this 
country runs from $35.00 to $75.00 per acre. The only diseases, if they may 
be called diseases, are sun scald and twig blight, and they are on the de- 
crease, as our orchardists have learned to control them to a very great extent. 
Insects appear to be‘ on the increase and the fruit grower who does not spray 
his fruits will be left in the lurch. 
Varieties of apples that are especially adapted to this section are Olden- 
burg, Hilbernal, Longfield, Malinda, Wealthy, Repka Malenka, Anisim, Cross 
413, Charlamoff, Patten, Wolf River and a long list of crabs and hybrids such 
as Whitney No. 20, Minnesota, Sweet Russet, Early Strawberry, and others. 
Last winter swept away all plums except the Americana varieties, of which 
the list is a long one. At the head are Aitken, New Ulm, Hawkeye, Wolf, 
Surprise, DeSoto, Rollingstone, Gaylord, Cottrell, Cheney, and a long list of 
others that are all good, hardy and productive. Cherries will never succeed 
here as they require a deep gravel subsoil. They were nearly or quite all 
wiped out in this section last winter. 
Of new varieties we have nothing that has been tested. Ditus Day’s seed- 
lings are the most promising at this time. The hardier varieties of grapes are 
grown here in a small way. Several small vineyards are fruiting quite 
heavily. Small fruits of all kinds that had winter protection produced wonder- 
ful crops of fine fruit, but where no protection was given were killed entirely. 
MISSOURI. 
BY L. A. GOODMAN, CHAIRMAN, WESTPORT. 
1. Nearly all portions of the Ozark Region, especially the high table lands, 
which are underlaid with a red clay or a gravelly shale. This is rich in 
iron and potash and gives color and quality to our fruits. Also the uplands 
along our rivers and creeks and the table lands over all the State if they have 
a good subsoil. Missouri has more good fruit land than any other State, as 
all of the soils above mentioned are well adapted to fruit growing. The red 
clay, the sandy loams, the loess, all the bluff lands along our great rivers, and 
even the prairie soils if they have a porous subsoil. In fact the kind of sub- 
soil is if anything more important than the soil itself, for you can help make 
the soil, but cannot change the subsoil. Invariably the higher elevations are 
the best. 
Prices of orchard lands are so variable that it is hard to make a general 
statement. The best of the Ozark lands can be had for $8.00 to $15.00 per 
acre. Many of our bluff and timber lands along our streams can be had from 
