208 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
Small fruits do well on lower, land, if tile drainage is good. The average 
price of good land is about $50 per acre. There are so few bearing orchards 
in this section of the country that it would be very difficult to decide what 
they might be valued at. 
3. Apples— Yellow Transparent*, Oldenburg**, Wealthy*, Wolf River*, 
McIntosh**, Winter St. Lawrence**, Faineuse*, Pewaukee*, Scott Win- 
ter*. Pears— Bessemianka, Sapieganka. Plums — Varieties of the domestica 
group bear well here occasionaly, but are not grown on a commercial scale. 
The improved American varieties have not yet been grown extensively, but 
Cheney**, Wolf**, Stoddard*, DeSoto* and Forest Garden* are among the 
most promising. One of the hardiest of the dome^pa group is Glass**. Cher- 
ries— Cherries propagated on Mazzard and Mahaleb stocks have in most cases 
been winter killed. Varieties which succeed best in the district are Ostheim**, 
Minnesota Ostheim**, Besserabian**, Vladimir*. Grapes— Grapes are not 
grown in this district on a commercial scale, but many varieties ripen well 
here. Among the most promising are Moyer*, Delaware**, Brighton**, Moore 
Early *, Worden*, Herbert** and Diamond*. Red Currants — Fay**, Wilder**, 
Red Dutch*, Raby Castle*, Ruby*. White Currants — White Grape*, White 
Gondouin**. Black Currants — Lee*, Black Naples*, Victoria**, Successf, 
Gooseberries— Pearl**, Downing**, Houghton*. Red Raspberries — Marl- 
boro**, Cuthbert**, Heebnerf, Doraf, Herbertf, Sarahf. White Raspberries — 
Golden Queen. Black Caps— Hilborn**, Older**. Blackberries— Snyder*. 
Agawam*. Strawberries— Glen Mary**, Clyde**, Haverland**, Brandy- 
wine*, Warfield*, Busterf. 
4. Few orchards are cultivated in this district, unless smdll fruits are 
planted between the rows. 
5. Cover crops are not general, as few orchards are kept cultivated. 
Where cover crops are used, they are considered very beneficial in prevent- 
ing root killing. Common or mammoth red clovers are usually used for this 
purpose. Occasionally on light soils lucerne is also used with good success. 
6. The principal fertilizers used are barnyard manure and wood ashes, 
and good results are had from them. 
8. The most troublesome insects are codling moth, tent caterpillar, forest 
tent caterpillar and curculio. all of which are kept in check by the timely use 
of Paris green, four ounces to forty gallons of water. The most trouble- 
some diseases are apple scab, fire blight, gooseberry mildew, anthracnose of 
the grape and raspberry, shot-hole fungus, plum blight. All of these, with 
the exception of fire blight and gooseberry mildew are prevented or kept 
in check by Bordeaux mixture, but while keeping the foliage of the goose- 
berry free from mildew, it does not prevent the disease from affecting the 
fruit. Potassium sulphide lias given better results with the fruit, but has 
injured the foliage. The forest tent caterpillar and the tent caterpillar have 
been more numerous during the past two years. The shot-hole fungus also 
seems to be more troublesome. 
9. Irrigation is not practiced in this section of the country. 
10. No statistics are available as to the area devoted to the various kinds 
of fruits in the Ottawa Valley. The area in fruits in the counties along 
the St. Lawrence is about 35,000 acres, and much the smaller part of this 
is in the Ottawa Valley. There are no very large orchards in this Valley. 
The apple is the principal large fruit grown. 
11. There is no evaporated fruit industry in this part of the country. 
