FRUIT REPORTS. 
213 
5. Cover Crops— Crimson clover and vetches have given beneficial results 
wherever tried. 
6. Fertilizers — Some commercial fertilizers have been used but not gen- 
erally. For drupaceous orchards, muriate of potash is most beneficial. 
7. New Varieties: Cherries — Bing, Hoskins and Occident. Prunes— Dosch. 
This prune was named after the originator by Prof. VanDeman, when Pom- 
ologist at Washington; it is a seedling of Washington and is a most promis- 
ing prune. Tree a very hardy, strong grower; fruit more oval than ablong, 
very large, dark maroon in color, with a light blue plush; flesh golden green, 
very firm and aromatic, not as sweet as the French nor as tart as the Italian. 
Ripens two weeks earlier than either. Will ship to England in good order. 
Will evaporate to 17 to 30 to a pound. 
8. Insects and Diseases— Woolly and green aphis, codling moth, apple 
canker, crater blight of the pear. We use kerosene emulsion and tobacco 
washes for the aphis, Paris green or arsenite of soda for the codling moth 
and Bordeaux mixture for the fungous diseases with splendid results. 
9. Irrigation— Irrigation is not used in this section. 
10. Statistics— Orchards are planted all over Oregon. The larger planta- 
tions in Eastern and Southern Oregon are of apples and pears with prunes 
as a close second, while in the Willamette Valley prunes predominate. We 
can produce prunes at three cents per pound with a profit. 
11. Evaporated Fruits— Prunes, pears, apples and cherries all evaporate 
well, the average profit on prunes was $40 per acre last year but generally is 
much larger. Apples and pears gave from $50 to $100. 
12. Hardiness— Only Bartlett pear buds have, been injured by the winter. 
All fruits are hardy here except Bartlett pears and Napoleon cherries. 
PENNSYLVANIA. 
BY PROF. G. C. BUTZ, STATE COLLEGE, CHAIRMAN. 
1. Pennsylvania has not yet fully developed her fruit interests, although 
it has been clearly demonstrated that a fine quality of fruit can be grown, 
if the proper soil, elevation and varieties be chosen. The most noted fruit 
sections in the State are the .Juniata and the South Mountain peach belts, 
each embracing about three thousand acres in peaches, lying mainly upon 
the mountain slopes of those regions. Profitable peach culture is carried 
on extensively in most of the counties in the southern half of the State. 
There are no marked sections devoted to the apple, but great activity in 
planting young orchards is displayed in Adams, Franklin, Berks and other 
southeastern counties and also in the western central counties. In the north- 
ern tier of counties, which have but recently been cleared of their forests, 
applefs of excellent quality are grown, and farmers are realizing a good profit 
from orchards. Potter county alone shipped last fall 100,000 bushels of apples. 
Erie county is noted for its acreage in grapes, it being a part of the great 
Chautauqua grape belt, lying mainly in the State of New York, along Lake 
Erie. There are but few commercial vineyards elsewhere in the State. 
2. The soils of Pennsylvania embrace a great variety which are adapted 
to fruit culture and lie at elevations all the way from sea level to 2,000 feet 
above. The shales and sandstone soils are preferred for peaches. In the 
'Juniata peach belt the red shales, out-cropping on the hillsides, are the 
