220 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
terminecl. In this narrow belt can be grown apples not hardy upon the open 
prairie a very few miles from the river. This fact has been recognized by the 
State Horticultural Society in making up the list of fruit districts, this favored 
region, termed District No. 7. consists of a strip of country about fifteen 
miles wide along the Missouri river, in the four counties in the southeast 
corner of the State. In making up a list for planting throughout the State, 
especially at the north, it wfill be wise to bear in mind the fact that no 
variety less hardy than Oldenburg should be planted, especially if the planter 
desires a long-lived, fruitful orchard, and cannot afford to experiment. The 
experience of the past severe winter has emphasized the need of hardy 
varieties, even in District No. 7, and the list given above would be recognized 
as being too long. The Minnesota State Horticultural Society list contains 
only three varieties recommended for general cultivation as being of the first 
degree of hardiness, viz.: Oldenburg, Hibernal and Charlamolf, but this short 
list is an eminently safe one where hardiness is the first essential, as it is in 
the larger part of the State: 
In district No. 7 the following list of apples do well: Duchess [Oldenburg,] 
Charlamoff, Wealthy, Haas, Patten Greening, Longfield. Winter apples— Wal- 
bridge, Ren Davis, Iowa Blush, Tolman Siceet. For trial— Plumb Cider , Wil- 
low Twig, Sheriff, Northwestern G-reening, Price Sweet. 
The greatest trouble with apple culture in the Northwest at the present 
time is the root killing of the common apple seedlings which are used for 
stocks. This subject has been considered by the writer in a paper, “The 
Russian remedy for root killing,” prepared for the present meeting of the 
Society. 
Trouble is experienced with root killing of grapes and many other plants. 
The dry weather often prevalent in autumn, followed by low temperature in 
winter, often with no snow on the ground, probably fully explains the trouble 
with root killing. 
REPORT FROM THE BLACK HILLS. 
BY C. THOMPSON OF RAPID CITY. 
The climatic and soil conditions are such as to make possible the growing of 
many varieties not hardy upon the open prairie. 
1. Fruit Sections— All around the Black Hills for at least fifty miles is good 
for fruit. 
2. Soil— Sandy loam mixed somewhat with clay or gumbo for apples and 
pears. Sandy loam for plums and very sandy for grapes. We are at an 
elevation of from 2,000 to 4,000 feet. Value of land for orchard, y without 
irrigation, two to six dollars per acre; with irrigation from twenty dollars to 
one hundred. 
3. Varieties: Apples— Oldenburg, Wealthy, Longfield, Ralls Genet, Whit- 
ney, Pewaukee, Alexander, Northwestern Greening, Tetofski, Price Sweet; 
these are all good. Pears— Bartlett and Flemish Beauty are the best 
Cherries— Early Richmond and English Morello. Plums— DeSoto. Prunes— 
The Golden Prune from Idaho. Peaches must have winter protection. 
Grapes — Concord**, Moore Early*, Worden*. A good variety of small fruits 
do well. 
4. Cultivation— The best is cultivation at least once a week through the 
growing season. I plant nothing in orchard after the first two years. 
