222 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
pecially for the culture of apples and peaches. The loamy soils of the State 
give the best results in fruit culture. 
Apples, peaches, pears and cherries thrive best at an elevation of from 1,1.00 
to 2,000 feet. We do not believe, however, that the elevation is as important 
an element as the character of the soil and humidity of the atmosphere, except 
in the production of winter apples. Winter apples of an exceptionally fine 
quality are grown on the mountains of East Tennessee. 
Good orchard land varies greatly in price. First class, unimproved fruit 
land can be bought in some sections for $1.00 per acre. Of course these loca- 
tions are at a considerable distance from the railroad. The best improved 
orchard lands with good shipping facilities cost from $20.00 to $50.00 per acre. 
I am unable to give the price of land in bearing trees, but the best orchards of 
the State would doubtless command a high price. 
8. Apples— Early Harvest, Red June, Winesap, Ben Davis, Paragon, Fanny, 
Buckingham, Kinnard, Royal Limber Twig, Gilbert and York Imperial. 
Pears— Kieffer, Bartlett, Clapp, Angouleme, Duchess, Flemish Beauty, 
Howell and Seckei. Peaches — Eiberta, Tliurber, Stump, Oldmixon, Chinese 
Cling, Sneed, Triumph and Greensboro. Cherries — All varieties of the Mor- 
ello class. Plums— Wild Goose, Ogon, Abundance, Burbank, Lombard, and all 
of the finer varieties in East Tennessee, if insects are persistently combatted. 
Grapes — Concord, Moore Early, Worden, Diamond, Niagara, Delaware, Wood- 
ruff, Brighton, Lutie, Norton and Brilliant which is gaining in popularity. 
Blackberries— Agawam, Early Harvest, Wilson, Taylor and Kittatinny. Crab 
apples — Transcendent, Early Siberian and Hyslop. Dewberries — Lucretia. 
Currants — Not generally a success, except on northern exposures well pro- 
tected from the sun. Gooseberries— Downing. Raspberries— Gregg, Cuth- 
bert, Turner, Ohio and Shaffer. Strawberries— Crescent, Louise, Michel, Bu- 
bach, Haverland, Thompson, Gandy, Brandywine and Enormous. 
4. The most successful fruit growers df the State cultivate their orchards 
thoroughly and systematically. Strawberries, tomatoes, cow peas, and corn, 
to some extent, are grown in our commercial orchards. 
5. The following cover crops have been found to be useful, rye and crimson 
clover. These crops improve the physical condition of the soil, prevent wash- 
ing and protect the roots of the trees. 
6. Fertilizers when used intelligently are considered profitable by our fruit 
growers. Muriate of potash, wood ashes, and Tennessee rock phosphate are 
most largely employed. The supply of nitrogen is secured by the growth of 
cow peas. 
7. We are unable to give you accurate descriptions of new varieties origi- 
nated in this State, aside from those published in your catalogue of fruits for 
1897. 
8. The most troublesome insects in the State injurious to fruit are the 
codling moth, tent caterpillar, curculio, flea-beetle, aphis, the squash bug, and 
borers of various kinds. 
Diseases — Scab and dry rot of the apple, rot of the cherry, mildew of the 
currant and gooseberry, black rot of the grape, rot of the peach, fire blight 
of the pear, anthracnose and rust of the blackberry and raspberry, and leaf 
blight of the strawberry. 
Of the insects, the codling moth, curculio, tent caterpillar, and borers seem 
to be on the increase. 
Fire blight of the pear is much more destructive than it was a few years 
ago, now attacking many apple trees. 
