226 
AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
(Bonne de Jersey) Seckel, Tyson and Winter Nelis. Plums— Agen, Brad- 
shaw, Columbia, German Prune, Golden Drop, Green Gage, Italian, Lombard 
and Yellow Egg. Strawberries— Bederwood, Crescent, Cumberland, Haver- 
land, Parker Earle. Sharpless and Wilson. 
4. Commercial orchards are, as a rule, well cultivated. Small fruits, 
vegetables and hoed crops are grown in young orchards. The cultivation is 
much better on the average than in the Eastern States. 
5. Winter cover crops are not much used, but are being strongly advocated 
by the best orchardists. 
6. Fertilizers are not as yet generally needed. Barnyard manure and a 
guano found on one of the islands in Great Salt Lake are the only fertilizers 
used. 
7. Horticulture is in its infancy, especially as to years, in Utah, and few 
varieties worthy of note have been' originated there. One or two have been 
described in the reports of this society. 
8. The codling moth is everywhere present and does as much or more 
damage than in other States. Spraying with arsenites is resorted to with 
success. There are no other seriously troublesome insect pests. Though 
found in all the neignboring States, the San Jose scale has not been reported 
in Utah. 
Because of the high altitude and the dry climate there is practical immun- 
ity from plant diseases, the only one for which spraying is used being mildew 
of the grape. Root or crown gall is found in all nurseries and in nearly all 
orchards and does an immense amount of damage. Destruction of affected 
trees is the sole treatment as yet. The so called “crater blight” of file pear 
is present and does considerable damage. The treatment used is that of 
scraping or cutting out the diseased portions. True blight of the pear is 
seldom, possibly never, found in the State. Utah is very fortunate in the 
matter of both insects and diseases of fruits. 
9. Irrigation is practiced in all parts of the State and for all frtiits. 
Where water is plentiful fruit growers look upon irrigation as an advantage 
over their fellow craftsmen of the East who do not irrigate. 
10. The diversified nature of the products, the scattered fruit regions and 
orchards and the variety of markets would make it difficult to give reliable 
statistics in regard to average prices and profits, 
11. Evaporation of fruit in a commercial way is as yet but little prac- 
ticed, though the advantages of this phase of horticulture are becoming more 
apparent from year to year. Some prunes are evaporated for interstate 
markets; the German prune now has the lead, but Agen (French or Petite ),. 
first, and Italian next are taking its place as superior in every way. 
12. As in other regions, Utah suffered from the severe cold of the past 
winter though not to the extent of most other regions. Late frosts did more 
damage. The factors of altitude, mountains, influence of lakes and rivers, 
make it difficult to draw any accurate inferences as to hardiness of species 
and varieties. The reports as to injury done last winter are so contradictory 
as regards varieties, that it might almost be said that no facts covering a 
widespread territory had been established. 
