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AMERICAN POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
in the arsenites. Borers must be hunted out and killed. Little progress has 
been made in heading off the work of the railroad worm. Cutting off and 
burning the diseased portions is the only way to fight successfully the differ- 
ent blights and the same treatment is given for the black knot. The forest 
tree caterpillar has been very troublesome all over the State for the past 
three seasons. Pear blight and black knot seem to be less destructive than 
formerly. 
• 8. Hardiness of Species and Varieties— The past winter and spring has 
been very trying on all kinds of fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs. The 
injury by the winter’s cold has been greatly aggravated by one of the severest 
spring droughts of recent years. Reports from different sections of the State 
show losses among all species and varieties' of trees, plants, vines, shrubs, 
etc. A few varieties in each group seem to have come through in better shape 
than others. Apples— Oldenburg, Northern Spy, Sutton, Foundling, Fameuse, 
Shiawassee, Walter Pease. McIntosh, Arctic, Tolrnan, Pound and .lacobs 
Sweet. Pears— Anjou, Tyson, Vermont Beauty, Koonce, Easter, Bartlett, 
Seckel,. Bessemianka, Grand Island and President Drouard. Cherries — Early 
Richmond, Dyehouse, Montmorency, Olivet, Ostheim and Bessarabian. 
Plums — Moore Arctic, Giant Prune, Spaulding, Tennant Prune, Pacific 
Prune, Macomber, Gueii, Wickson, Satsuma and Ogon. Blackberries— Eldor- 
ado and Taylor. Raspberries (red)- -Loudon, Turner and Miller; (’black), Pal- 
mer, Ohio and Cumberland. In the purple caps Shaffer and Columbian seem 
of about equal hardiness, each being killed back about one-third of the pre- 
vious year’s growth. Currant— Red Dutch. Cherry, Fay and Red Cross. 
Gooseberry— Red Jacket and Smith. Strawberry Plants came through the 
winter in good condition, as they were covered with snow until early April, 
but the severe drought has shortened this crop, so that the best fields are now 
yielding one-half of a full crop; prices for tin’s fruit were forty per cent 
higher than last season. The stand in new beds is a poor one and under the 
best conditions for the remainder of the season will not give over three- 
quarters of a fruiting area for next season. 
The prices at which the various fruits must be sold, f. o. b., to repay the 
expense of growing, picking and packing are estimated as follows: Apples 
per barrel, $1.00; pears, per barrel, $1.50; plums, per bushel crate, $1.00; cher- 
ries, per bushel crate, $1.50; blackberries, per bushel crate, $1.00; raspberries, 
per bushel crate, $1.50; currants, per bushel crate, $1.60; strawberries, per 
bushel crate, $2.00. 
We have home markets for all the small fruits raised in the State, and 
there is room to Increase this industry greatly and still sell the product at 
home. The only fruit grown that in any year gives a surplus for outside 
markets is the apple, and this surplus mostly comes from the lower Cham- 
plain valley, where ias fine specimens of this fruit in color, texture and 
table keeping qualities can be grown as in any other portion of the apple belt 
of the United States. The highest market price is always obtained for this 
fruit in New York City, and low freight rates are secured over the Hudson- 
Cliamplain waterway. In lots of two thousand barrels the rate will run from 
thirteen to sixteen cents per barrel, while the rate by rail to Boston and New 
York will average in carload lots twenty-five cents per barrel, with a propor- 
tional increase on smaller shipments. 
The apple orchards of our State can be largely augmented with a sure 
market prospect in store for the products if good judgment is used in select- 
ing varieties, soil and location and in the after care of the trees, which must 
